Sel Kontraktil
• Fase Depolarisasi
• Fase Plateu
• Fase Repolarisasi
• Fase Istirahat
Listrik Jantung
STANDARISASI
(INTERNATIONAL)
+
-
positive
- +
negative
- +
Bifasik
Gelombang P : depolarisasi kedua atrium
Gelombang QRS : Depolarisasi kedua Ventrikel
Gelombang T : Repolarisasi Kedua Ventrikel
Pola Membaca EKG
• Irama
• Rate QRS
• Aksis QRS
• Morfologi Gelombang P
• Interval PR
• Durasi QRS
• Morfologi QRS
• Deviasi Segmen ST
• Morfologi Gelombang T
• Morfologi Gelombang U
• Lain-lain (LVH,LV Strain,BBB, QT
interval) Nilai Normal :
• Kesimpulan EKG Interval PR 0,12’’ s/d 0,20’’
Durasi QRS 0,04’’ s/d 0,12’’
Aksis Normal - 300 s/d + 1100
5 kotak kecil
= 1 kotak sedang
= 0.2 detik Paper speed : 25 mm/second
1 kotak kecil
= 0.04 detik
5 kotak sedang
= 1 kotak besar
= 1 detik
MENGHITUNG LAJU JANTUNG :
A. Jarak R – R :
Sinus Aritmia
Sinus Aritmia
Pemasangan Lead Terbalik
Aksis QRS
-90 aVf (-)
EXTREME
LAD
KANAN/SUPERIOR
-30
I (-) ±180
I (+)
aVf (+)
+100 +90
Contoh Pembacaan EKG
R
qRs Rs rS
QR Q/QS rSr’
RsR’
Right bundle branch block
Left bundle branch block
Takiaritmia
• Sinus Tachycardia
• Accelerated Atrial Tachycardia/Paroxysmal Atrial
Tachycardia
• Atrial Flutter
• Atrial Fibrillation
• Reentrant Junctional Tachycardia (Nodal & Bypass)
• Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia
• Ventricular Tachycardia
Physiologic Basis of Pacemaker Cells
Pacemaking &
Conduction System
PSVT :
-due to re-entry mechanism
-narrow QRS complex
-regular
-retrograde atrial depolarization
-P wave ?
Junctional rhythm:
-AV junction can function as a pace maker
(40-60 x/min).
-due to the failure of sinus node to initiate
time impulse or conduction problem.
-normal-looking QRS.
-retrograde P wave.
-P wave may preceede, coincide with, or
follow the QRS
SR
VES
Sinus rhythm
with
Multifocal VES
VES VES
SR SR
SR SR SR SR
Sinus rhythm with VES couplet
Sinus Rhythm with VES, R on T
Ventricular Tachycardia
Ventricular Fibrillation
Macroreentry Microreentry
Gel “T”↑
Hiperkalemia
Gel “U”
Hipokalemia
Hiperkalsemia