1
Times Interest Earned
2
Cash Coverage
3
Debt/Equity Ratio
4
Debt Ratio
Total Liabilities
Debt Ratio =
Total Asset
$72,000
Debt Ratio = = 0,2057
$350,000
5
Rasio profitabilitas
6
Gross Profit Margin
7
Profit Margin
8
Profit Margin
9
Return on Owners’ Investment
11
Return on Total Investment
12
Return on Total Investment
13
Financial Leverage
14
Financial Leverage
Financial
= 25.70% – 20.34% = 5.36%
Leverage
15
Earnings per Share (EPS)
Income
EPS =
Average Number of Shares of
Common Stock Outstanding
16
Earnings per Share (EPS)
Income
EPS =
Average Number of Shares of
Common Stock Outstanding
$64,000
EPS = = $2.88
(27,400 + 17,000) ÷ 2
17
Quality of Income
18
Quality of Income
19
Quality of Income
20
Rasio pasar
21
Price/Earnings (P/E) Ratio
22
Price/Earnings (P/E) Ratio
23
Dividend Yield Ratio
24
Dividend Yield Ratio
25
Rasio lainnya
26
Book Value per Share
27
Book Value per Share
28
Deviden Payout ratio
Deviden $2,5
= = 0.868
Payout 2,88
29
DUPONT
30
The DuPont Model
31
The DuPont Model
32
The DuPont System
RO E
RO A E q u it y M u lt ip lie r
P r o f it M a r g in T o ta l A s s e t T u rn o v e r
33
The DuPont System
RO E
RO A E q u it y M u lt ip lie r
P r o f it M a r g in T o ta l A s s e t T u rn o v e r
Divided Devided
Sales Into Net Income Total Assets Into Sales
Subtracted
Total Costs Sales Fixed Assets Plus Current Assets
From
General and
Account
Depreciation Administrative Equipment Vehicle Inventory
Receivable
Expense
Extraordinary
Taxes
Expense
35
The DuPont System
RO E
RO A E q u it y M u lt ip lie r
P r o f it M a r g in T o ta l A s s e t T u rn o v e r
36
RETURN ON EQUITY
Extended Du-Pont
DIVIDED
RETURN ON INVESTMENT(ROI) BY 1-DEBT RATIO
Divided Devided
Sales Into Net Income Total Assets Into Sales
Subtracted
Total Costs Sales Fixed Assets Plus Current Assets
From
General and
Account
Depreciation Administrative Equipment Vehicle Inventory
Receivable
Expense
Extraordinary
Taxes
Expense
37
Extended DuPont
EBIT
1. Operating Profit Margin
Sales
Sales
2. Total Asset Turnover
Total Assets
Interest Expense
3. Interest Expense Rate
Total Assets
Total Assets
4. Financial Leverage Multiplier
Common Equity
Income Taxes
5. 100% Tax Retention Rate
Net Before Tax
38
Operating Profitability Ratios
EBIT Sales EBIT
Sales Total Assets Total Assets
Net Before Tax (NBT) Total Assets Net Before Tax (NBT)
Total Assets Common Equity Common Equity
39
Analisis komponen
40
Intepretasi rasio
41
Book Value vs. True Value
LK tidak merefleksikan prospek perusahaan dalam
lingkungan bisnis
– LK = gambaran masa lalu tidak berorientasi masa depan
LK memiliki keterbatasan turunan
– LK mengabaikan beberapa informasi historis dan informasi
terkini (human resources dan efek inflasi).
Manajemen menyajikan LK dengan bias (menyesatkan)
– Sering memilih metode akuntansi dan estimasi agar
keliahatan baik
42
Keterbatasan Informasi Akuntansi Keuangan
True
TrueCompany
CompanyValue
Value
Objective Inherent
Inherent GAAP
GAAP
Objectiveand
and appropriate
appropriate limitation
GAAP
GAAPbook
bookvalue
value limitation
Legitimate
Legitimatediscretion
discretion
Fraudulent
Fraudulent reporting
reporting
Reported
ReportedBook
Book Value
Value
43
Keterbatasan Analisis Ratio
44
Keterbatasan
45
Ringkasan Financial Ratios
• Ratios membantu:
– Evaluasi kinerja
– Analisis struktur modal dan aktiva
– Menunjukkan hubungan antara aktivitas dan kinerja
• Benchmark dengan
– Masa lalu perusahaan
– Industri
46
Ratios
47
Ratios
48
Ratios
49
Ratios
50
TERIMA KASIH