C
Pembentukan Ikatan C-C
C C C C
C C C C
A. DIMERISATIONS
CH3. + CH3. CH3 – CH3
POLYMERISATION ALKENES
Chain branching occurs by abstraction of a hydrogen atom on the same chain and
continuation of growth from the main chain
5
Sumber C elektrofil
1. Alkil halida
2. Alkil sulfonat
3. Senyawa karbonil
1. Organo logam
2. Karbanion alkinil
CLASSIFICATION OF C-C FORMATION
C- C+ C- C+ C- C+ C+ C-
O O O
R-X O O R2C:
O
R
R R
R R H
O
O
RO O R-Mg-X
R C C
O O
R R R2CuLi
N C R R
R C C
R-Mg-X
R2CuLi N C
R-Mg-X
R2CuLi
R-CH-PPh3
Pembentukan Ikatan C-C
a) Carbanion Alkylation
i) Alkylation of enolate ions
iii) Organometallic alkylation
b) Carbonyl Addition And Carbonyl Substitution Reactions
i) Aldol and related reactions (Addn)
Electrocyclic reactions
Sigmatropic reactions
REAKSI PERISIKLIK
Reaksi Elektrosiklik
Yaitu migrasi dari suatu ikatan sigma pada sistem elektron phi ke suatu
posisi baru.
Contoh rearrangement tingkat [3,3], ikatan sigma pada karbon no 3
bermigrasi ke posisi baru yang berjarak 3 karbon
300oC
keadaan transisi
berkarakter aromatis
Claisen Rearrangement
O O
O O
tautomerisasi
H
panas H
keadaan transisi
berkarakter aromatis
Bila posisi ortho telah terisi, maka migrasi dapat berlanjut ke posisi para
1
2
O
1
O OH
2 O O
3
200oC 3
3
tautomerisasi
2 3
1 1 3 1
2
2
REAKSI ELEKTROSIKLIK
adalah suatu sikloadisi intramolekuler, dengan suatu ikatan tunggal terbentuk di antara dua atom karbon terminal
dari sistem elektron phi terkonyugasi (atau sebaliknya)
4
3 4
3
panas
2 2 1
1
H conrotatori
H3C H
H CH3 H
CH3 H
hv
disrotatori
H3C H
H CH3
H CH3
Reaksi Diels-Alder
B
A B A Suatu reaksi
+ sikloadisi
Y Z Y (stereospesifik)
Z
diena dienofil sikloheksena
Diels-Alder adduct
Reaksi Diels-Alder
A. Mechanisme
Reaksi Pericyclic :concerted reaction that proceeds through
a cyclic array of electrons in the TS
cyclic array of
6 p e– s
The Diels-Alder Reaction
Dienes and dienophiles
Works best with electron-poor dienophiles (A,B,Y,Z = C=O, CN):
O O
H H
+
acrolein
O O
+ O O
O O
maleic anhydride
The Diels-Alder Reaction
B. Dienes and dienophiles
CO2CH3
CO2CH3
C
+
C
CO2CH3
CO2CH3
dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate
CO2CH3 CO2CH3
+
methyl acrylate
The Diels-Alder Reaction
B. Dienes and dienophiles
CN
+ CN
acrylonitrile
O O
2 +
O O
p-quinone
The Diels-Alder Reaction
C. Stereospecificity
CO2CH3 CO2CH3
+
CO2CH3 CO2CH3
dimethyl maleate
CO2CH3 CO2CH3
CH3O2C CO2CH3
dimethyl fumarate
The Diels-Alder Reaction
D. Stereoselectivity
O
O
+ H +
O H
endo exo
(major) (minor)
additional
overlap
stabilizes
TS O
The Diels-Alder Reaction
Question . Draw the structure of the Diels-Alder adduct in each of the following
reactions.
CO2CH3
+
CN
+
CN
O
+
Check Answer
O
The Diels-Alder Reaction
Answer Draw the structure of the Diels-Alder adduct in each of the following
reactions.
H
CO2CH3
H
+ H
CO2CH3
CN
CN
+
CN CN
O
O
H
+
H
O
O
The Diels-Alder Reaction
Question 10-6. What diene and dienophile would be used to make each of the
following compounds?
CO2CH3
CO2CH3
O
O
O
O Check Answer
O
The Diels-Alder Reaction
Answer What diene and dienophile would be used to make each of the following
compounds?
CO2CH2 CO2CH3
C
+
C CO2CH3
CO2CH3
O
O
+ +
O
O
O O
+ O
O
O
O