Obat Transdermal
Anatomi kulit manusia
Epidermis ( 5 lapis)
Keratinocytes untuk proteksi dari sinar UV.
Melanocytes menghasilkan pigmentasi.
Langerhans’ cells membantu sistem imun.
Merkel cells adalah reseptor sensor.
Dermis
Mengandung kollagen, glycoaminoglycans,
elastine, dll.
Fibroblasts adalah konstitruen terpenting dari
cellular .
Vascular structures, nerves, skin appendages.
1. Langsung
menembus stratum
corneum
2. Melalui folikel
rambut
3. Melalui pembuluh
keringat
Jalur Penetrasi Obat melalui stratum corneum
1. Route Appendageal
2. Route Transcellular
3. Route Intercellular
Model Struktur stratum korneum
For steady-state conditions this can be described with Fick ’ s first
law of diffusion:
Funsi komponen:
Adhesive, penetration enhancer,
backing, release liner, membrane
Quality Control of the Drug Product
adhesion
•Microbiology
•Integritas kantong
Peralatan yang dibutuhkan
Drug in adhesive
- Mixer, dryer (explosion proof), coater-
laminator, Slitter, die cutting, pouching
equipment
Drug in reservoir
- Form-fill-seal, lamination, die cutting,
pouching. Adhesive layer may be pre-
formulated (mixing, drying, lamination)
Bahan pertimbangan dalam pengembangan transdermal
•Irritation
•Sensitization
•Toxicity
•Residual Monomers
•Residual Solvents
•Wear (Adhesion)
•Residual Drug
Baru 7 zat aktif yang diakui FDA untuk
pengunaan patches transdermal(2002)
• scopolamine
• nitroglycerine
• clonidine
• estradiol
• fentanyl
• nicotine
• testosterone
Products incorporating Alza’s D-TRANS®
transdermal patch technology
TransPharma
Medical™ Ltd.
Technology Hybrids and Micro Systems
Crospon & Hewlett Packard
(www.crospon.com)
One patch contains about 150 microneedles.
Enables the drug's dose and time of delivering to be
controlled by a microchip.
The patch also contains 400 cylindrical reservoirs.
Microneedles
Another transdermal DDS:
Microneedles
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
IN-VITRO PERMEATION
Developmental/Investigative Qualitative
Tool