FILARIASIS
FILARIASIS (PENY. KAKI GAJAH): PENY.
MENULAR YG DISEBABKAN CACING
FILARIA, DITULARKAN MELALUI
BERBAGAI JENIS NYAMUK
BERSIFAT KRONIS
TANPA PENGOBATAN CACAT PERMANEN
(PEMBESARAN KAKI, LENGAN, ALAT
KELAMIN)
Filariasis :
1. Lymphatic filariasis :
Wuchereria bancrofti
Brugia malayi
Brugia timori
2. Non lymphatic filariasis :
Onchocerca volvulus
Loa loa
Lymphatic filariasispenyebab nematoda
yang hidup di pembuluh lymphe
Tiga spesies :Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi
dan Brugia timori
Transmisi : gigitan nyamuk (Anopheles, Aedes,Culex)
Habitat : Dewasa pembuluh lymphe
Microfilaria sirkulasi pemb. Perifer
Not fatal deformitas,disabilityglobal health
problem
WHO THE GLOBAL GOAL OF
ELIMINATION OF LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS
AS A PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM BY THE
YEAR 2020
Indonesiaprogram eliminasi filariasis sjk
2002
Sulawesi Tengah program POMP
filariasis sejak 2016
Host definitive human
Nyamuk intermediate host
Siklus 3 stad.larva,mikrofilaria & adult
Infective stageL3 (mosquito bite)
L3mncapai sistem lymphatic L3->L4(7-10
day), L4->adult
Female worm50.000 microfilaria/dayblood
circulation
Adult worm can survive for a period 5-10
years
Indonesia telah teridentifikasi ada 23
spesies nyamuk dari 5 genus yaitu :
Mansonia, Anopheles, Culex, Aedes dan
Armigeres yang menjadi vektor filariasis.
Distribusi vektor filariasis menurut lokasi
spesies mikrofilaria ditemukan di berbagai
wilayah
Filariasisdilaporkan pertama kali di Indonesia oleh
Haga dan Van Eecke pada tahun 1889.
Dari ketiga jenis cacing filaria penyebab filariasis,
Brugia malayi mempunyai penyebaran paling luas
di Indonesia.
Brugia timori hanya terdapat di Indonesia Timur
yaitu di Pulau Timor, Flores, Rote, Alor dan
beberapa pulau kecil di Nusa Tenggara Timur.
Wuchereria bancrofti di Pulau Jawa, Bali, NTB
dan Papua.
Sulawesi Tengah Parigi Moutong, Sigi,
Donggala, Banggai, Poso, TojoUnauna,
Buol, Morowali dan Banggai Kepulauan
LIFE CYCLE
OF FILARIA
MICROFILARIA
w. bancrofti
Blood
stainedgiemsa
Nuclei & sheath
Lymphatic filarial worms
• Three stages are known in the life cycle of
lymphatic filarial worms:
– Adults stage: human host
lymphatic system
– Microfilariae stage: human host
blood stream
– Larvae stage: mosquitoes as a vector
stage L1
stage L2
stage L3 (infective stage)
BANCROFTIAN
FILARIASIS
BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS
MALAYAN FILARIASIS
MANIFESTASI KLINIK
AKUT
• Demam berulang (3-5 hari)
• Lymphadenitis pembengkakan kel. Getah
bening paha, ketiak kemerahan, panas, sakit
• Lymphangitisradang sal. Kel. Getah
beningterasa panas, sakit
FASE AKUT demam tinggi, peradangan
limfe (limfangitis dan limfadenitis), serta
edema lokal yang bersifat sementara.
kelenjar limfe regional membesar,
memerah, meradang, tromboflebitis
Limfadenitis dan limfangitis dapat terjadi
pada kelenjar limfe ekstremitas bawah dan
atas infeksi W.bancrofti
Infeksi Brugia hanya ekstremitas bawah
KRONIS
CACING DEWASA YG HIDUP DI SISTEM
LIMFATIK, REAKSI INFLAMASI DARI OCCULT
FILARIASIS
Characters:
Thread-like
Curve tail
Measure:
W. bancrofti (29 x 0.1) mm
B. malayi (18 x 0.09) mm
B. timori (17 x 0.08) mm
Lymphatic filarial worms
(female adult stage)
Characters:
Thread-like
Posterior end is straight
Length: W. bancrofti 61 mm
B. malayi 48 mm
B. timori 27 mm
Infective larva of W. bancrofti
Characters:
Slender shape
Tail end: three caudal papillae
Infective larva of B. malayi
Characters:
Slender shape
Tail end: caudal papillae poorly
developed
Infective larva of B. timori
Characters:
Slender shape
Tail end: caudal papillae
poorly developed
CHARACTERISTIC OF MICROFILARIA
W. bancrofti B. malayi B. timori
3. SHEATH + + +
REGULARLY IRREGULARLY IRREGULARLY
4. NUCLEI SPACED SPACED SPACED
NONE TERMINAL 2 NUCLEI 2 NUCLEI
NUCLEI SEPARATED SEPARATED
PERIPHERAL PERIPHERAL PERIPHERAL
5. HABITAT BLOOD & BLOOD BLOOD
HIDROCEL
The morphological
distinctions between
the Microfilariae of
W.bancrofti ,
B.malayi & B. timori
Microfilaria stage of W. bancrofti
Characters:
Length : 224-296 micron
Cephalic space: length = width
Terminal nuclei : none
Nuclei : regularly spaced
Sheath : present
Habitat : blood stream
hydrocele fluid
MICROFILARIA of Brugia malayi
Size : 177 – 233 µm
CEPHALIC SPACE: LENGTH = 2x WIDTH
SHEATED
2 SEPARATED TERMINAL NUCLEI
HABITAT PERIPHERAL BLOOD
MICROFILARIA
of Brugia timori
SIZE : 265 – 323 µm
CEPHALIC SPACE :
LENGTH 3 X WIDTH
SHEATED
2 SEPARATED TERMINAL
NUCLEI
HABITAT PERIPHERAL
BLOOD
bancrofti
B. timori
B. timori
B. malayi