CARA PEMECAHAN

MASALAH
Wafi Nur Muslihatun
 Pengertian
 Masalah adalah kesenjangan antara target
kinerja dan hasil aktual
 Jenis-jenis Masalah
Secara umum:
1. Masalah yang diciptakan (problem to be
created)
2. Masalah yang dirasakan (problems to be
perceived)
3. Masalah yang telah terjadi (problems already
occurred)
 Masalah yang diciptakan
 Menetapkan target kinerja yang meningkat secara
terus-menerus, kemudian berusaha untuk
menyelesaikannya melalui upaya/kegiatan terus-
menerus
 Masalah yang diciptakan ini sering disebut masalah
potensial (potential problems), akan menjadi masalah
aktual (actual problems) di masa yang akan datang
 Upaya menyelesaikan masalah ini melalui inovasi
kreatif (peningkatan radikal dramatik) terus- menerus
 Masalah yang dirasakan
 Masalah yang berkaitan dengan upaya
peningkatan secara bertahap terus-menerus
yang bertujuan memperkuat posisi yang
sekarang
 Masalah yang telah terjadi
 Masalah yang telah terjadi (problems already
occurred), yang berkaitan dengan target-target
masa lalu yang tidak tercapai atau deviasi dari
standar-standar yang ditetapkan
 Keahlian Penyelesaian Masalah
 Pemecahan masalah adalah apa yang terjadi
ketika respon rutin dan otomatis tidak sesuai
dengan kondisi yang ada (Woolfolk & Nicholich,
2004:320).
 Merupakan bagian dari proses berpikir.
 Sering dianggap sebagai proses paling
kompleks di antara semua fungsi kecerdasan
Bagaimana menyelesaikan masalah?
Kenali dan mengerti kebutuhan

Kumpulkan data dan Verifikasi Akurasi

Pilih Teori atau Prinsip yang Cocok

Buat Asumsi yang Mungkin Diperlukan

Selesaikan Masalah

Verifikasi dan Cek Hasilnya

Komunikasikan (Lisan atau Tulisan) Hasilnya

 Keahlian Penyelesaian Masalah
 Pemecahan masalah bertujuan
untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis fakto
r-faktor dari suatu masalah/situasi sehingga
bisa diperoleh satu atau lebih alternatif solusi
Steps in Problem
Solving
Written by:
Dr. Frank Flanders
and Cate Buchanan
Georgia CTAE Resource
Network
 Objective
 Listand explain
the seven steps in
problem solving.
 What is problem solving?
 Problem solving is a process of working through
the details of a problem to reach a solution.
Someone seeking to solve a problem may use the
seven steps of problem solving.
 Seven Steps in Problem Solving
1) Define and Identify the
Problem
2) Analyze the Problem
3) Identifying Possible
Solutions
4) Selecting the Best
Solutions
5) Evaluating Solutions
6) Develop an Action Plan
7) Implement the Solution
 Define and Identify the Problem
 Write down a statement which summarizes the
problem. This statement may be long if the
problem is complex.
 Set a goal for solving the problem.

 Example: The computer will boot up but

immediately turn itself off.
When the problem is solved the computer will be
usable.
 Analyze the Problem
 Ask these questions:
 How long has the problem been going on?
 What are the causes of the problem?

 What are the effects and symptoms of the

problem?
 Are there multiple steps to solving this specific

problem?
 Identifying Possible Solutions
 Brainstorming
 Those working to solve the problem should
come up with as many solutions as possible.
 Often one person’s ideas may spur the ideas of

others.
 All ideas should be written down to evaluate

later.
 Selecting the Best Solutions
 In this step use the brainstormed list of
possible solutions.
 Discuss each of the possible solutions and
why they may or may not work.
 Select the most feasible solution.
 Evaluating Solutions
 Make a T chart with pros of the solution on
one side and the cons on the other.
 Ask these questions after making the T chart:
 What are the advantages of each solution?
 Are there any disadvantages to the solution?

 Do disadvantages outweigh advantages?

 Would the solution actually solve the problem?

 Develop an Action Plan
 Make a step by step plan which
should include:
 Tasks,what is to be done
 Estimated time to complete each task

 Who will do each task

 When this plan is complete, post it

where it will be seen.
 Implement the Solution
 Follow the steps in the Action Plan
 If things start to get complicated make a three
column chart:
 What could go wrong?
 How can you prevent this from happening?

 How will we fix it if something does go wrong?

 Evaluate results:
 Is the problem solved?
 Common Mistakes in Problem Solving
 The problem is not  Individuals or
well defined or
groups jump to
there is denial that
unwarranted
the problem exists.
conclusions.
 Goals are not  Individuals or
clearly defined.
groups are afraid to
 Opinions, emotions, make mistakes.
feelings, and self-
interest interfere
with objective