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tidsk di'~rl _~_a_:~a' oleh 't:ubu~-_ ba ~k itu berupa !;lIS, mSJupu_-_ cairen ..

Sisal _ met:;a:tuiIirne' IL~ :iI-n hentuk c~j~~ d1keluir_ :,:etn oleh tubuh -ceruplll urine. TL_h_k~ __ ndal:_~' VVB=engeJu,_ ,:~,_ urine dipen . -~ _~,o[ieh IhcrmcJln? H[orrmn rrer p2i~:,-n1I1:-- -'. penVUBJI[,- ':9,~[->--1 horrmn ('~:-dokriln). orrnan d1:ap,at m~m@nlga-1Uh~ aktivitassratu .,,- ng dit:uJuny:e1'. Oleh ka '-Ienal itu, 9:H I!,-- hermon t'@fmrawk -J! daJl:~ !fst:1!m 11"1!gulla",g", 9:!lr @--;~. regullasi berfun '" men gat _ ' kerja ss ulr'U1h 99 eml organ yan'Q ,a~,:a pad:al ,:ub-u-. nan u'sial.MIilgnlya]" jikatan f-' .nda menyen _,uhbendal'yang p, :' :a~ A nda skan secara ,cepa_: '-en,(Jlri k '_'angJii'-. A nda, IPeri St;~w,a tersebut -:c~J~I[b~' beb r.pa Qlrg,~'. ·tlUlluh ya1g dli~ --l alt~h 9.'1 _~~I:- _rUII,I5I ~ :K,,_ Radal ba i \ A noa k,an -:- r-j-p@i' ~UI'-1~ at =-: 11 [- [-I" -n;~~ 9.-::-:-=~~- '~--I zj _m Sil:d:,~~:-IPi~1!lJj!:ak,~ ~ Ilg' er -~-I k ke d: an aH,eml IlF'egJll as ?' B'-'~I-=,o--::-II.al - eksn i· ~. 'e ker] 18J 9 :g:,eim f' e:gu~1 Gig? 8agai m,6)'I 1211 j ilk a 'si 'st ern re',gu [I:ag - ~.. gal , . (i1 g' - ggu, , ..? Den~gan mempe~,aja 11919:em egulaSi'l A nl. a akan n , .- ~ngetahllUii: ~ak,e~j:al's=Jluruh tub h A,nda"[: I-I~gbe"'~uoriflih3ks A nda .ksn rnenyad .. ii Ib~ "I'yya tubuh kita ~···~_:-ng ~'e"tUi k:o:mJp eks i'nil men pak,aI1 ... ugerah liUlih an 'Val g, M,~'1;;1 R;ft :5'eI,- [..- -_ . le~ii,." ,
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dh9~b_-I' neuron poSlgnap9s._ ~Ient~ ha nya 'sell,..~ ~ajnt neuron rremil~iki nertJ.rm 9911 ~~ ....g: '!FSektifJ . pie -'lme'abel~. M;8 51hi ingat k ah A 1111 yan'gl ,di ma k'S1U1 d den gs:n 'sel' ek't~'f: da permeab Pil? ~'f'I'~ l---,..;->r-::-:\I;_-::- n- -1·eIAl~f'- n~r-:--m-:-~~b-'-' __ -m:--~n[' I"'-~I' -::,-.,-::b k-' ~J", F~-' ,~"",,,-'~ in 'I~l _ ,e per --lId aaanl k Ion tras len d ii dI'~IJ,;I~_m~::'1- ~ r:: n dan I~'l lus ~ m~mbr-In ~ ~~ RadI'~ ~-*'·-·~""i...J.;f ~ ....~ I"~n~'-c-::'--' (neuron _ ·1_. :I~lf-·-::--'- '\ 1 '~·~r....ll--~·eu.. -1-- ~-h- ~I~~-K J~-'" ...... _ ' .. .... '....' ~I ~'G!" . Ud"ii. QUI~ w_ :a, ' _',1 U!. ''''''~ Illi "III" on b.. errnu ...... pe 51"t'''If' IU II U Cui rn o-..l.-.ra·n. :~ '" A-....4 :::IpUI 011 d...;;ll ~ ~ ,u,·. i ,I ..JI~ ~., ~I " ~ljll:'llJ :: U'~I .. " ,OO:glll m':c;~r'a',.: n " ~11111J' I, ge~1 mernif kil banyalk ion berrnuatan nlegat~'fI:~ Ke'ad;a~aln ketika neuron beri'9::iraha t'ersebut di . amak.iIl pot eng ,aJli"s:'ir'i at: (pIlOI.:' 'isag] "'
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Im~l-usa ~_"_":~'Ii;kigi9:eml:mn 'yaflllg !beL- n:" .. : I-']~'-' m[- __ ~.-ulnh.JJ'!U~'~,d-'~'fII ,m",IliiIIiJ'-~It- -=- '!iil"\ tlvitas ~"gUJ ur I,VIh.uS nii""-·'.l::iIn n -g'-n' ·,t- -."lUI h ,'. ~,~~-:--;wllg'!l'inl~I'iii'ul _,II .. ·u ~1·3~'_ ,a,ln te'9!but ad,al~.·,91:9r' e!'1-1 er dokrin. Cara kerja sifi',em enc okrin berbeda t·· ..... d gall 51 .em sar··.-' -"-d- a 91~, em- sar:ar- ~-.~-, -. - ~,y-ang, d"iII SEU'lllaJ" -I - erup,a - _.!it -- - af' ;'. "st-- -- -'~kI ermas 91ny . -~9nya1Ii1B:ri':k untuk merrbud: '9311,-,991 mBfiI!5pa' ts A d,apun p\adal's:!t,em endokrin, in'formas' yang dli.~7~ ~ajllk,an ber'ulpa senyavva kimi,BJ, Si'9::'em .....
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_ Sunil_WII"' 'UJI~ I'n~gbel:-::_k,a:ngl merup~'I~'anp'efll~J'rJlburi9 . -,I';arS'9"H'en1 '.:~ af"usat: d:al1i 9, "em SiH tepi, 9Jmsum '1.1U1· 'g .ellakalJ1i'Q] bJlBrf'ulO!Qs Imen~g~,an".' ' ...an ilmpul's . meru(llJ ot.~:, d;an be ,plela_" dals .... Il1il'93JS,g;€!I'o '.' If'lef1] a P lek 5-1. IBe'd:asarafl, 'fuln:pi,nya! :99 19m sar, ',"bapiidieg] menj alii IdUII fiJi' 1:1l.lI-~:.!e--SiJ,- ~,melien dan 9'~'em '·-~_r,af ef- .,- . Sis lern saJ;af af Ie'ne' Ibls-f'un !Qs rn 13mb: .'a im PIU II,s rei a i, r'ec -_ or m' - -_llJji UIeji IIeml:=- pILl-~., Si.em Elf lef- -en -,': : Ibe ·'IllIAg9· millmlb";- iii ilftllp,dl:s dj;mriJ gg,eml ,arm' IPUSIt'
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terdlifl,m:.!!titraf'smp.:.lisd~a:n :8',= 'pa ,asj -~:at(js :=,~-c;=.' !i'mp' -'I :i:sd( 'I sari p,aJraSm,p1 -Ietlisbek"e~ma beJ~ canim. 7~ 8:sem endolkrtrin IberflL n!Q!i mSi,amp'sikan liini:lolrma9i
be u - ,9 9!nl,j8
' im~,al..'5i

ern enldJo ,orinbeke -,itad!1-i

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~allmef1.Itta8lllkan hc:nnmJDn.IKeI!enjar bo men p:: -':ar' L b -h mmnu9 al~,~ hipc _:=-im_c_ s.lhiIPofi':d:5~'~'ir,ohJ Pllt:=:jrlg'id ~ aku pal .r'ea~:adlren Ik: ami iii {gun a~) ~pin e-' ~dan 't:ii mus all,
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perl ge~PI (Iliid[,ah:)1 ~dan in d ra peraba (kul i,") .

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I

prOI9as· ·.I-'iI k.eJe- . -I~U'I atau pen ~ - j~ pada 9:9 sm n!gJJ~a9 mini u.s a A,IP ~r~,~ - ,A ~.dal d I;P= . men c ap'ai '_~jWI n ' ':er:~b u~ a ? A pa 'i Is And illslfilQI:all 3mli kesul i -I' altn! dalam

,t lemlJ1l-t e!'m,anl An d I. t(emud iInl! b ena· p~:at11 k,ep,adl,al ru Anda un 'lJ'k mem,8:c:ahkaJrn pelrm:a:sal~,ab, .._ permaal=-I 1--:- (-:-_~~-; rd en gm mn- ~-= -i p,ad:slb-:- - iint A-:- ~_:' tU! '9Ul:a
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lMlngeda{:an dSJah ke~ .Iurun' ubu-, men g&mlbi I d em g;en e d al:I,M t uib u h

Imengelumlkan !i ~19.

at -, '!lllb~lne!If!

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aan ' 3rrull'bm ar 't,lsn'ang :saraf p';ar,3amnpat etis


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l._ _

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t

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men,,/,':ur peFklem'ban~g·'·_~1Drgan 'elan1in I Imenl gal: u r Ik= d If II<aJli,,~um d1,m~ ji ari flJlg= laml Imen gat u r lie ad 'gtd :au.i al,a:'Iii d ar all IM,eftT ~'_:utr md= _roli'.fU!~:.n "~_-_'al'fo!f': __ ~' Imer,lfilgmr1 g pemberrri,uk"an imf'D~9'!T '
-

Peneiilml,c~ 'g=-~'I' g (re.pt:rJI .) pada hi:dun I:d a~h ~",.~ a :95d0 I'fala: IDf i d ,93 ' k on:i b. :.1 1It.= J I WI: II 'Ell 'sraf' I[~ 'E) b - , '1!9 , 'n:::Ii'll'Ii QI' 25' O ';:ru'~ k"o 'u~n I.err 11111 nc:ii .......1... !':'ina'I n n~n 1ll,Ii:!Iin d i"C!fr'"'3H J'~~,.. r u ~f!:iLI'11 .r,~,' "':slr'd.• pl · p ad a ba~gi n .~~. a a ca,s IfU' lb. Im',_ '[bran t i_-'I,pani
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en d1okliiin.,

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F'e Il'h:at ilk: ' II gamlb at 9 -d eml e , ch)!k f'iii n pa da ma n ILlsa birR ut ini,

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,

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La nj::kanlhih

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calha',i"~ Zl,!Q'mawII~ - 'e ,_:__-Ilam n11~tal 1U11~" 'M_ - unjluk, -,-_0 J~c-, ,t--C g'fokuSIJt" __a -m:il!1,' uk 1 d
1

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it

T ul i:!k an her men _,an!Gid ih a si ~k an o,llen b,~gian :ya-rl'l dill b,eri I'll emlD r,
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g9 her - 1,01nl ya -Ig diha9ilkan 1,Ieh bag~andiengn nomcur:2",J[I an ,~t d

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pell1y,ebab Ullama pada kleCle~a(aan berlke'nd,I)i',aalll bs'rm,of'olr;, r-- enurut ,Andsl, apai,:,ah ,';erU'Qlmall1 ain d1aril IllsnglrHl SUlm'9 :a,lllkoho,1 balgii - a~h-' Il.Q __ ~. ~n'" _ "I!!ili-~_.
pun nrnlsrupa::an

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