DASIT

Batu Dasit

Dasit merupakan batuan beku yang termasuk dalam jenis

vulkanik, karena dasit dalam proses pembentukannya
mengalami pendinginan magma yang cepat. Proses terbentuknya
dasit pada suhu sekitar 900˚C – 1200˚C. (Bishop & Hamilton,
1999). Kandungan silika yang terdapat pada dasit berkisar
diantara 52% – 66%. Dalam proses pembentukannya dasit
adalah batuan ekstrusif felsik yang menengah dalam komposisi
antara andesit dan riolit. (Dietrich, 1924). Dalam
pembentukannya sering ditemukan bergabung dengan
andesit, dan membentuk aliran lava, serta tanggul. (Suharwanto,
2014).
 Dasit ini termasuk dalam jenis batuan vulkanik karena
permukaan batu tersebut halus.Warna pada dasit ini adalah jenis
felsik yaitu putih keabu-abuan.Struktur pada dasit ini adalah
masif karena tidak terdapat aliran atau jejak gas. Derajat
kristalin pada dasit ini adalah holokristalin karena dasit
seluruhnya tersusun oleh massa kristal (Sukandarrumidi, 2009).
Granularitas pada dasit ini yaitu fanerik karena dapat terlihat
dengan mata. Bentuk butir pada dasit ini adalah subhedral
karena bentuk kristal dari butiran mineral dibatasi oleh sebagian
bidang kristal yang sempurna (Gautama, 2012). Relasi pada
dasit ini adalah inequigranular karena ukuran butirnya tidak
sama. Komposisi yang terdapat pada dasit ini adalah muskovit
dan kuarsa. Jika disamakan dengan petrogenesa dasit tersebut
mempunyai banyak kesamaan dan keterkaitan. Dasit memiliki
fenokris kuarsa dan feldspar alkali bersama dengan plagioklas
asam dan sedikit biotit (Soedarmo, 1979).
Pada petrogenesa menjelaskan bahwa Dasit dalam proses
pembentukannya merupakan batuan beku yang termasuk dalam
jenis vulkanik, karena dasit dalam proses pembentukannya
mengalami pendinginan magma yang cepat. Proses terbentuknya
dasit pada suhu sekitar 900˚C – 1200˚C. (Arindita,
2012). Kandungan silika yang terdapat pada dasit berkisar
diantara 52% – 66%. Dalamproses pembentukannya dasit adalah
batuan ekstrusi felsik yang menengah dalam komposisi antara
andesit dan riolit. Dalam pembentukannya sering ditemukan
bergabung dengan andesit, dan membentuk aliran lava,
serta tanggul. (James, 2009). Dasit banyak dipergunakan sebagai
sebagai batu ornamen dinding maupun lantai bangunan gedung
atau untuk batu belah untuk pondasi bangunan. Persebaran dasit
di Indonesia yaitu di daerah Gorontalo, Lampung, dan daerah
Tandung Kec. Pamboang (Majene) (Nouval, 2009).

Dacite

An extrusive igneous rock intermediate between rhyolite and andesite.

Article by: Hobart M. King, Ph.D., RPG

Dacite: A piece of dacite from Mount General, San Bernardino County, California. This specimen is
approximately four inches (ten centimeters) across. Click to enlarge.

What Is Dacite?
Dacite is a fine-grained igneous rock that is normally light in color. It is often porphyritic.
Dacite is found in lava flows, lava domes, dikes, sills, and pyroclastic debris. It is a rock type
usually found on continental crust above subduction zones, where a relatively young oceanic
plate has melted below.
QAPF Diagram for Dacite: A QAPF diagram is a method of classifying igneous rocks on the relative
abundance of quartz, alkali feldspar, plagioclase feldspar, and feldspathoid minerals. The first letter of each of
these minerals / mineral groups is the source of the "QAPF" name used for the diagram. Before plotting the
composition of a rock on the diagram, the percentages of the QAPF minerals are recalculated so that their sum
is 100%. Plotting the composition of a rock on the diagram allows a name to be assigned to the rock, and it
also illustrates the composition of that rock type with many other igneous rock varieties. The diagram above is
specific for fine-grained igneous rocks. More information about QAPF diagrams.

Composition of Dacite
A generalized mineral composition for dacite is intermediate between rhyolite and andesite. It
usually contains more quartz than andesite and more plagioclase than rhyolite. The
plagioclase feldsparsare often oligoclase, andesine or labradorite. Dacite can be considered the
fine-grained equivalent of granodiorite.

Plagioclase is the most abundant mineral in many dacites. Other minerals that might be found in
dacite include quartz, biotite, hornblende, augite, and enstatite. Dacites consisting mostly of
plagioclase and quartz are usually light in color, often white to light gray. Those with abundant
hornblende and biotite can be light gray to light brown. The darkest dacites usually contain
abundant augite or enstatite.

Subduction Zone Dacite: Dacite is found at Mount St. Helens and other Cascades volcanoes, where the
relatively young Juan de Fuca plate is partially melted as it subducts below the North America plate. Image by
the United States Geological Survey.

Dacite Magma
Dacite magma generally develops in subduction zones were a relatively young oceanic plate is
subducting under a continental plate. As the oceanic plate descends into the mantle, it undergoes
partial melting with liberated water facilitating the melting of surrounding rocks.

The subduction zone where the Juan de Fuca plate subducts under the North America plate is one
location where dacite magmas have formed. Here the Juan de Fuca plate is relatively young
when it subducts into the mantle. Geologically recent activity at Mount St. Helens has involved
dacite and andesite magmas that have produced volcanic domes, lava, pyroclastic debris
and volcanic ash.

Dacite magma sometimes is involved with explosive eruptions. The magma is viscous and
sometimes contains abundant gas, which can cause an explosive eruption when the magma
reaches the surface. Viscous dacite magmas with little to no gas can extrude from a vent to
produce thick lava flows or slowly build a steep volcanic dome atop of the vent.

Dacite Aggregate
Dacite is sometimes used to produce crushed stone. It performs well as fill and as a loose
aggregate in a wide variety of construction projects. It does not perform well as a concrete
aggregate because its high silica content reacts with the cement.

Dacite Projectile Point: Fine-grained dacite with a uniform texture can be knapped into small tools and
weapons. This Native American projectile point was knapped from black dacite. Found in southeastern
Montana. Approximately 7/8 inch long and 1/2 inch wide.

Dacite Tools
Many specimens of dacite are fine-grained and of relatively uniform composition. Ancient
people have knapped them into sharp tools and worked them into utilitarian objects. When
knapped into projectile points, scrapers, and knife blades, they have an edge that is not as sharp
as obsidian but is much more durable.

Dacite Lava Flows on Mars: This image was produced using data collected by NASA's THEMIS spacecraft.
The colors represent different rock types exposed at the surface on the flank of the Syrtis Major volcano. The
magenta-colored areas represent dacite lava flows. The source of the dacite lava was the Nili Patera caldera
visible in the southern portion of the lava flow. Small dacite flows can be seen in other parts of the image. The
image width is about 10 miles (16 kilometers). Click to enlarge.

Dacite on Mars
In 2002, NASA's THEMIS spacecraft began orbiting Mars, scanning the surface of the planet
with a thermal emission imaging system. Instruments on the spacecraft had the ability to
characterize the mineralogy of rock units exposed on the surface of Mars. Their goals were to
identify the rock types on the surface of Mars and map their geographic distribution.

THEMIS identified basalt as the primary volcanic rock exposed on the Martian surface. Syrtis
Major is an 800 mile (1300 kilometer) wide basaltic volcanonear the Martian equator. It has
several collapse calderas at its summit and numerous volcanic vents on its flanks. The flank
eruptions have produced a sequence of glassy, silica-rich dacite flows. These have built cones up
to 1000 feet (300 meters) high, with lava flows that travelled up to 12 miles (20 kilometers) from
their vents.

Many of the volcanic rocks observed on Syrtis Major were dacites and obsidians, similar to
terrestrial volcanoes such as Mount Hood in the United States and Mount Fuji in Japan. The
existence of dacite on Mars is evidence that highly evolved magmas have formed on Mars, and
they were created by processes such as partial melting and fractional crystallization.