Peran dokter pada kasus kekerasan terhadap anak (KtA) dan perempuan (KtP)
sangatlah penting diantaranya mengetahui dengan pasti pola perlukaan pada ka
sus tersebut sehingga dapat melakukan penatalaksanaan lebih lanjut dengan te
pat.
METODE
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan menggunakan
data sekunder di Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Kota Semarang. Data diambil dari Re
kam Medis korban kekerasan terhadap anak dan perempuan yang divisum di RS
Bhayangkara Kota Semarang. Kriteria Inklusi penelitian ini adalah seluruh peremp
uan dan anak laki-laki usia kurang dari 18 tahun yang menjadi korban kekerasan
dan dibuatkan visumnya pada bulan Januari–Desember 2015.
Data karakteristik korban yang didapat dari rekam medis meliputi jenis kelamin, usi
a,bentuk kekerasan, jenis kekerasan, jumlah maupun lokasi luka. Hasil ditampilkan
dalam bentuk tabel, gambar, dan narasi.
HASIL
Selama periode Januari–Desember 2015 di RS Bhayangkara Semarang diperoleh 32 kasus Ke
kerasan terhadap Anak (KtA) dan 77 kasus Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan (KtP).
DISKUSI
Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa Kekerasan terhadap anak (KtA) korban terba
nyak adalah laki-laki. Hasil tersebut berbanding terbalik dengan penelitian bersama
Centers of Disease Control (CDC) dan UNICEF maupun penelitian Janise CL dkk di
Kota Manado tahun 2013, dimana perempuan memiliki persentase lebih tinggi terjadi
nya kekerasan fisik dibandingkan dengan laki-laki.
Hal ini mungkin diakibatkan karena korban kekerasan terhadap anak perempuan khu
susnya di Kota Semarang sedikit yang datang periksa dan meminta visum seperti fe
noma gunung es. Laporan dari beberapa penelitian selalu menunjukkan perempuan
sebagai mayoritas korban dalam kasus kekerasan. Isu gender, faktor sosial budaya,
dan tingkat pemahaman masyarakat yang masih rendah merupakan faktor yang me
nyebabkan dominasi perempuan sebagai korban
DISKUSI
Pada kekerasan terhadap anak (KtA) usia korban paling banyak antara umur 11–18 tahun. Dim
ana pada usia ini adalah anak-anak sudah mulai beranjak dewasa mudah terpengaruh oleh pe
ngaruh- pengaruh lingkungan cenderung tidak mau menuruti perkataan orang tua. Faktor yang
mempengaruhi kekerasan terhadap anak antara lain faktor masyarakat/sosial, faktor orang tua/
situasi keluarga dan faktor anak itu sendiri.
Pada kekerasan terhadap anak (KtA) bentuk kekerasan paling banyak berupa kekerasan fisik d
engan jenis kekerasan tumpul dan jenis luka terbanyak berupa memar. Begitu pula pada keker
asan terhadap perempuan (KtP) bentuk paling banyak berupa kekerasan fisik dengan jenis kek
erasan tumpul dan jenis luka terbanyak berupa lecet.
Hal ini sesuai dengan penelitian di Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Riau dan Manado. Hal
ini terjadi karena sebagian besar pelaku melakukan tindak kekerasan dengan tujuan
ingin memberikan pelajaran dan bukan untuk membuat luka yang mematikan.
DISKUSI
Pada kekerasan terhadap perempuan (KtP) paling banyak pada usia produktif antara
18–35 tahun. Dimana sebagian besar kasus terjadi di dalam lingkup rumah tangga (
KDRT). Hasil ini sesuai dengan penelitian di Singapura, Hongkong maupun laporan
dari Komisi Nasional Anti kekerasan terhadap Perempuan. Kisaran angka dari peneli
tian di atas adalah antara 21–40 tahun. Faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya keker
asan terhadap perempuan antara lain faktor sosial ekonomi, struktur keluarga, adany
a penyakit (fisik atau psikis), adanya kecemburuan maupun perselingkuhan
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