DENGAN KCKT
Keunggulan Kelemahan
• Dilakukan pada suhu kamar • Sulit ditemukan detektor yang universal
• Analisis kuantitatif yang cepat • Efisiensi pemisahan lebih rendah
daripada GC
dengan presisi dan akurasi • Lebih rumit dalam pelaksanaannya
yang tinggi • Lebih mahal
• Dapat dioperasikan secara
otomatis
• Sensitivitas detektor yang
tinggi
• Dapat diaplikasikan untuk
berbagai analit dalam jenis
sampel yang lebih luas
FASE NORMAL DAN FASE TERBALIK
• Water
• Methanol
• Acetonitrile
• THF
• Additives, salts, acids, bases
• Ion pairing
KEMURNIAN FASE GERAK
Isocratic elution:
Constant mobile phase composition during run
Gradient elution:
Programme a changing (stepwise or continuous) mobile
phase composition during the run 🡺 For more complex
mixtures
GRADIENT ANALYSIS
Advantages:
• Better suited for complex samples
• Better resolution of early and late eluting peaks
• Better sensitivity of late eluting peaks
• Higher peak capacity (fit more peaks in the chromatogram)
Disadvantages
• More complex HPLC instrument
• Method development, implementation and transfer are more
difficult
• Typically longer analysis times since column must be calibrated
with initial mobile phase
DEGASSER
• Sistem Pompa:
• Tekanan Tinggi
• Tekanan rendah
PADA : HPLC MENGAPA PERLU TEKANAN
TINGGI?
(300 psi)
(1300 psi)
(10,000 psi)
(34,000 psi)
PEMELIHARAAN KOLOM
An ideal Detector:
• UNIVERSAL (i.e. detects everything)
• SENSITIVE (i.e. detects a very small amount of analytes)
• LINEAR RESPONSE (i.e. linear relationship between
intensity of response and amount of analyte).
• give STRUCTURAL INFORMATION (i.e. tell you what the
analyte is, even if you didn’t know beforehand).
HPLC DETECTORS
• UV-Vis Detector
• Photodiode array Detector (PDA = DAD)
• Refractive Index Detector (RID)
• Fluorescence Detector (FLD)
• Evaporative Light Scattering Detector (ELSD)
• Electrochemical Detector (ECD)
• Conductivity Detector
• Radiometric Detector
UV-VIS DETECTOR
• Normalization method
• External standard method
• Internal standard method
• Standard addition method
QUANTITATION BY NORMALIZATION
METHOD
All the analytes present in the sample must elutes from the column, with
enough resolution and, furthermore have to be detected by the available
detector.
The peak area is proportional to the weight of the analytes having passed
through detector cell
Thus,
Percentage in weight of each analyte mi = KiAi
so % i = Ai / ∑ Ai X 100
QUANTITATION BY EXTERNAL STANDARD
This method is the most general method for determining the concentration
of an analyte in samples
It involves the construction of a calibration plot (Area or height vs.
Analyte concentrations) by using some concentrations (minimum 3-4
concentrations) of external standard; the concentration of the analyte
can be determined by “interpolation”. It is not recommended to do
“extrapolation”.
Do not forget to test whether the HPLC system is still “OK” by using
“system suitable test”
EXTERNAL STANDARD CALIBRATION
CALCULATION OF RESULTS
Y = aX + b
[Concentration
a : SLOP
125 ppm b : Y intercept
2500
2500
]
[Peak Area]
DISADVANTAGE OF EXTERNAL STANDARD
CALIBRATION METHOD
10 uL injection 11 uL injection
10 uL injection 11 uL injection
2200
2000 1100
1000
T
T IS
IS
I
T I T
S
S
T
I
S
DISADVANTAGE OF INTERNAL STANDARD
CALIBRATION METHOD