ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN
PADA PASIEN DENGAN EPILEPSI
Disusun Oleh : Kelompok 9
Abdul Majid (201801155)
Heni Rahayaan (201801173)
Vivi Nur Wijayanti (201801147)
Yonas Tayanan (201801167)
Epilepsi adalah penyakit serebral kronik dengan
Epilepsi ? karekteristik kejang berulang akibat lepasnya muatan listrik
otak yang berlebihan dan bersivat reversibel. Epilepsi
adalah gangguan kronik otak dengan ciri timbulnya gejala-
gejala yang datang dalam serangan-serangan, berulang-
ulang yang disebabkan lepas muatan listrik abnormal sel-sel
saraf otak, yang bersifat reversibel dengan berbagai
etiologi .
Epilepsi adalah sindroma otak kronis dengan berbagai
macam etiologi dengan ciri-ciri timbulnya serangan
paroksismal dan berkala akibat lepas muatan listrik neron-
neron otak secara berlebihan dengan berbagai manifestasi
klinik dan laboratorik. Epilepsi dapat menyerang anak-anak,
orang dewasa, para orang tua bahkan bayi yang baru lahir
(Utopias,2008).
Klasifikasi Epilepsi
Place Your Picture Here Place Your Picture Here Place Your Picture Here
Epilepsi Epilepsi
Epilepsi
Grand Mal Fokal
Petit Mal
Etiologi Epilepsi
Penyebab pada kejang epilepsi Cedera Kepala,
sebagian besar belum diketahui Infeksi sistem
(Idiopatik) Sering terjadi pada: syaraf
Trauma lahir,
Tumor Asphyxia
Otak neonatorum
hipokalsemia,
Demam, ganguan
hiponatremia)
metabolik
(hipoglikemia,
Manifestasi Klinis
1. gejala kejang yang spesifikakan
tergantung pada macam kejangnya. 85% 35% 65% 45%
Jenis kejang dapat bervariasi antara
pasien, namun cenderung serupa.
2. kejang komplek parsial dapat
termasuk gambaran somatosensori
atau motor fokal.
3. Kejang komplek parsial dikaitkan
dengan perubahan kesadaran
4. ketiadaan kejang dapat tampak
relative ringan, dengan periode
perubahan kesadaran hanya sangat
singkat (detik)
5. Kejang tonik klonik umum
merupakan episode konvulsif utama
dan selalu dikaitkan dengan
kehilangan kesadaran (Yuliana
elin,2009)
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PATOFISIOLOGI
EPILEPSI
Komplikasi
100%
1. Kerusakan otak akibat
90%
hypoksia dan retardasi
80%
mental dapat timbul akibat
70%
kejang berulang ulang.
60%
2. Dapat timbul depresi dan
50%
keadaan cemas.
40% 3. Komplikasi utama yang
30% berkaitan dengan kejang
20% umum.
10% 4. Kejang disebabkan oleh
0% kontak neuro serebral yang
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4
beraturan, cepat dan tiba-
tiba.
Penatalaksanaa
Non
farmakologi
Farmakologi
Dalam
farmakoterapi
PENGKAJIAN
Identitas klien meliputi nama, umur, jenis kelamin,
tangal pengkajian, No register, tanggal rawat dan
penanggung jawab dan perawat mengumbpulkan
informasi informasi tentang riwayat kejang pasien.
ASUHAN Pasien ditanyakan tentang faktor atau kejadian yang
KEPERAWATAN dapat menimbulkan kejang. Asupan alkohol dicatat.
Efek epilepsi pada gaya hidup dikaji (Utopias,2008):
• ada keterbatasan yang ditimbulkan oleh gangguan
kejang
• pasien mempunyai program rekreasi atau Kontak
sosial
• pengalaman kerja
• Mekanisme koping yang digunakan
• Obsevasi dan pengkajian selama dan setelah
kejang akan membantu dalam mengindentifikasi
tipe kejang dan penatalaksanaannya.
Lanjutan Selama serangan
Sesudah serangan
Riwayat Penyakit
Riwayat kesehatan
Riwayat kejang
Riwayat penggunaan obat
Pemeriksaan fisik
Psikososial
Pelaksanaan keperawatan
merupakan kegiatan yang Evaluasi
dilakukan sesuai dengan Tahap evaluasi dalam proses
rencana yang telah keperawatan menyangkut
ditetapkan. Selama pengumpulan data subyektif
pelaksanaan kegiatan dapat dan obyektif yang akan
bersifat mandiri dan menunjukkan apakah tujuan
kolaboratif. Selama pelayanan keperawatan sudah
melaksanakan kegiatan dicapai atau belum. Bila perlu
perlu diawasi dan dimonitor langkah evaluasi ini
merupakan langkah awal dari
kemajuan kesehatan klien
identifikasi dan analisa
( Santosa. NI, 1989;162 )
. masalah selanjutnya
( Santosa.NI, 1989;162).
THANK YOU
Kelompok 9
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