SISTEM HEMATOLOGI
Saldy Meirisandy
Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Muhammadiyah
Langkah Dalam Mendiagnosis
Anamnesis
Pemeriksaan Fisik
Laboratorium
Radiologi
Pemeriksaan lain
Pemeriksaan fisik sistem hematologi tidak
berbeda dengan pemeriksaan fisik sistem
lainnya pada umumnya
The Physical Examination : Summary Of Suggested
Sequence
General survey
Vital signs
Skin
Head & Neck
Optional: nervous system
Thorax , lungs & breasts
Cardiovascular
Abdomen
Musculoskeletal
Respiratory Rate (frekuensi nafas)
Normal : 14-20 breath/minute with regular
pattern.
Abnormal :
Bradypneu, Tachypneu
Kussmaul, Chyne Stokes, Biot
Temperature
Normal : <37.2oC
Fever of pyrexia
Hyperpyrexia temperature > 41.10C
Hypothermia temperature < 350C rectally.
Heart Rate & Rhythm (Radial Pulse)
Normal : 60-100 beats/minute regularly
Abnormal :
deviasi trachea
pendorongan - kesisi yang sehat
cairan, udara, massa
• POSISI MEDIASTINUM :
TRAKEA, IKTUS
• DENYUTAN GETARAN,
BENJOLAN, EDEMA,KREPITASI
• NYERI TEKAN
• FREMITUS VOKAL
• GESEKAN PLERA
PALPASI
bandingkan gerak
BANDINGKAN SELALU
getaran suara yang teraba
tempat tempat simetris
&
identik
PALPASI
( interpretasi Vocal premitus )
proses konsolidasi
PERKUSI
turbulensi
Suara makin kuat / jelas
- arus makin kuat
- diameter makin kecil
- udara makin pekat
AUSKULTASI
suara napas dasar ( normal )
suara pusaran udara ( turbulensi )
BRONKHIAL : depan trakhea
v bv bv v
bv bv bv - bronkhovesikuler
v v
v - vesikuler
SUARA NAPAS
DASAR
v bv bv v
v bv bv v bv - bronkhovesikuler
v bv bv v
v - vesikuler
KELAINAN SALURAN
NAPAS
SUARA NAPAS TAMBAHAN
( selalu bersifat patologis )
SUARA TAMBAHAN
Timbul karena :
• Sekret
• Penyempitan
• Asinus terbuka
RONKI
• RONKI BASAH
• RONKI KERING
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Common or Concerning Symptoms
Chest pain
Palpitations
Shortness of breath, orthopnea, or
Percussion
In most cases, palpation has replaced
percussion in the estimation of cardiac
size.
THE HEART (3)
Auscultation
Listening for heart sounds
Atributes of heart murmurs
Grade Description
Grade 1 Very faint, heard only after listener has “tuned in”; may not be heard in
all positions
Grade 2 Quite, but heard immediately after placing the stethoscope on the chest
Grade 3 Moderately loud
Grade 4 Loud, with palpable thrill
Grade 5 Very loud, with trill, may be heard when stethoscopeis partly off the
Grade 6 chest
Very loud, with thrill. May be heard with stethoscope entirely off the
chest
ABDOMEN (1)
Common or Concerning Symptoms
ABDOMEN (2)
Common or Concerning Symptoms
Suprapubic pain
Dysuria, urgency, or frequency
Hesitacy, decreased stream in males
Polyuria or nocturia
Urinary incontinence
Hematuria
Kidney or flank pain
Ureteral colic
The Comprehensive Physical Examination (13)
Abdomen.
◦ Inspection
◦ Auscultation
◦ Percussion
◦ Palpation
Techniques of Examination
For a good abdominal examination you need :
(1) good light,
(2) a relaxed patient, and
(3) full exposure of the abdomen from above
the xiphoid process to the symphysis pubis.
Enhancing Examination of the
Abdomen
Empty bladder
Comfortable in supine position
Examine the major problem areas last.
Warm hands and stethoscope
THE LIVER
Percussion
The span of liver dullness
Palpation
Firmness or hardness of the liver
Bluntness or rounding edge
Irregularity of its contour
The Spleen
The Spleen
Ekstremitas
Koilonikia
Purpura (ptechiae – echymosis), teraba atau
tidak
Hematom
Pembesaran KGB Axilla dan Inguinal
Edema
Gangren
Ekstremitas
Ekstremitas
Tes Rumple Leede
(Tes Bendungan)
Memasang manset spigmomanometer di
lengan atas.
Mengukur tekanan darah (TD) sistolik dan
diastolik pasien.
Memompa kembali spigmomanometer