Presentan :
dr. Marcella
dr. Surti
dr. Wirda
dr. Andrea
dr. Aji
Indikasi Akses vena sentral
Kontraindikasi akses vena sentral
Kontraindikasi Absolut
•Trombositopenia atau Koagulopati Berat
Kontraindikasi Relatif
•Infeksi pada lokasi pemasangan atau luka bakar
•Fistula arteriovena ipsilateral untuk hemodialisa
•Trombosis vena disekitar lokasi pemasangan
•Pasien tidak kooperatif
•Anatomi yang tidak baik karena trauma atau operasi, obesitas
Anatomi pemasangan Akses vena central
• Informed Consent
• Monitoring dengan EKG dan pulse oksimetri
• Letakkan pasien dengan posisi supine dengan posisi kepala lebih rendah 10-15
derajat lebih rendah vena dapat terisi
• Bahu dapat diganjal dengan handuk gulung atau botol cairan diantara kedua
bahu
• Menggunakan USG
PERSIAPAN ALAT
- Desinfektan
- Handscoen, masker, penutup kepala, jas steril
- Spuit 10 ml 2 buah, jarum ukuran 25 Gauge
- Lidocain 2%
- Kateter, dilator dan wire
- Heparin 1: 100
- Jarum Insersi 21-Gauge ( panjang 5 cm)
- Doek steril, Scalpel, blade no. 11, benang nylon no. 3.0
- Kidney dish, comb, kassa
- Needle holder dan gunting benang.
Teknik vena internal juguler
Teknik vena internal jugulAr
• Septik aseptik
• Drapping
• USG guiding dan anestesi lidokain
• Menusuk kulit dengan jarum 21 G
• Diganti dengan 0.018 in guide wire
• Dilator 3 F dan 5 F
• Dimasukkan kateter vena sentral nontunel
• flushing dengan heparin
• Rontgen thorax
Location puncture central approach
Posterior Approach
Anterior Approach
• Introduce a large caliber needle, attached to a 10 mL syringe with 0,5 to 1 mL of
saline, into the center of triangle formed by the two lower heads of sternomastoid
and clavicle.
• Ultrasound can be used as an adjunct for the placement of central venous line,
• Insert the guidewire while
monitoring ECG for rhythm
abnormality
• Remove the needle while
securing the guidewire and
advance the catheter over the
wire. Connect the catheter to
the intravenous tubing
Insersi CVC
• Akses Infraklavikula
• Beri ganjal pada bahu
• Kepala menghadap kontralateral
• Posisi trendelenberg 10-15 derajat
• Insersi pada 1-2 cm inferior dan lateral dari 1/3 medial dan 2/3 lateral klavikula
jarum walking down dan bila gagal jarum harus cephalad
• Akses supraklavikula
• Landmark 1cm superior dan 1 cm lateral terhadap otot sternocleidomastoid
• Jarum posisi 5-15 derajat
Akses Vena femoral
• Posisis supinasi
• Landmark: 1 sd 2 jari dibawah
garis dari anterior superior
illiac spine terhadap pubik
tubercle. 1 cm medial dari
femoral artery.
• Jarum diarahkan 90 derajat bila
sudah dapat vena diarahkan 45
derajat
Komplikasi
Venous Cutdown
Indikasi
Absolut
•Ketersediaan alat untuk akses vaskular yang tidak
terlalu invasif atau tidak terlalu memakan waktu
•Terdapat infeksi, jaringan yang rusak, luka bakar, dll
pada area yang akan dilakukan insisi (cutdown)
Kontraindikasi
•Cedera traumatis di proksimal dari area insisi
(cutdown)
Relatif
•Kelainan koagulasi
Alat dan Bahan
• Sterile gloves
• Antimicrobial solution and swabs
• Kassa steril
• Local anesthetic (2 % lidocaine 5 mL)
• 5mL syringe, 10mL syringe
• 25- or 27-gauge needle
• Scalpel and Blade No.15
• Vein dilator
• Peripheral intravenous catheter
• Curved hemostat
• 0-0 silk sutures or 4.0 nylon sutures
• Iris scissors
• Intravenous infusion tubing
• Adhesive tape
ANATOMI
• Greater saphenous vein: pembuluh darah terpanjang
di tubuh, dominan di subkutan, dapat diekspos
minimal dengan diseksi tumpul di anterior medial
malleolus
“The aim of intravenous management is safe, effective delivery of treatment without discomfort or tissue damage and
without compromising venous access, especially if long term therapy is proposed”
Indications:
• Immediate effect
• Control over the rate of administration
• Patient cannot tolerate drugs / fluids orally
• Some drugs cannot be absorbed by any other route
• Pain and irritation is avoided compared to some substances when given SC/IM
EQUIPMENT
• Extravasation is the accidental administration of IV drugs into the surrounding tissue, because the needle has punctured
the vein and the infusion goes directly into the arm tissue. The leakage of high osmolarity solutions or chemotherapy
agents can result in significant tissue destruction, and significant complications
• Haematoma occurs when blood leaks out of the infusion site. The common cause of this is using
cannula that are not tapered at the distal end. It will also occur if on insertion the cannula has
penetrated through the other side of the vessel wall – apply pressure to the site for approximately
4 minutes and elevate the limb
• Phlebitis is common in IV therapy and can be cause in many ways. It is inflammation of a vein
(redness and pain at the infusion site) – prevention can be using aseptic insertion techniques,
choosing the smallest gauge cannula possible for the prescribed treatment, secure the cannula
properly to prevent movement and carry out regular checks of the infusion site.
TERIMA KASIH
1. Gahtan V, Costanza MJ, editors. Essentials of vascular surgery for the general surgeon.
Springer New York; 2015.
2. Bannon MP, Heller SF, Rivera M. Anatomic considerations for central venous cannulation.
Risk management and healthcare policy. 2011;4:27.
3. Akaraborworn O. A review in emergency central venous catheterization. Chinese Journal of
Traumatology. 2017 Jun 1;20(3):137-40.
4. Tse A, Schick MA. Central Line Placement. 2019.
5. Leib AD, England BS, Kiel J. Central Line. InStatPearls [Internet] 2019 Jun 16. StatPearls
Publishing.
6. Reichman EF. Reichman's Emergency Medicine Procedures. McGraw Hill Professional; 2018
Dec 25.