FORMULASI
Ternak
Produksi Pakan (Unggas,
Ruminan)
Uji Coba
Teknik Formulasi Pakan
Pra-Formulasi
Bahan Baku
Formulasi
Jumlah
ketersediaan
mencukupi
Cari Data
Kumpulkan Data
Kebutuhan
Nutrien Harga murah
Ternak dan
terjangkau
Bahan Baku (Raw Materials)
Minyak Goreng
DCP Mentah (CPO)/
Istiqomah (2016)
Garam (Salt) (Dicalcium Phosphate) Crude Palm Oil
Raw Material Database
w co rn
Yello Widodo W. Nutrisi
dan Pakan Unggas
BSN. 1992. Jagung/Bahan
Baku Pakan (SNI 01-3172-1992)
Kontekstual
Istiqomah (2016)
Kelompok Rumput (Graminae)
Rumput Gajah
(Pennisetum purpureum)
Daun Singkong /
Manihot sp.
Jerami Padi
Quail / puyuh
• Quail Starter (SNI-01-3905-2006)
• Quail Dara (SNI-01-3906-2006)
• Quail Production (SNI-01-3907-2006)
Domba (Sheep)
Duck / itik Kambing (Goat)
• Duck Starter (SNI-01-3908-2006)
• Duck Grower (SNI-01-3909-2006)
• Duck Layer (SNI-01-3910-2006)
SNI (Standar Nasional Indonesia )
Pakan Ayam Pedaging
Persyaratan
No Parameter Satuan
Starter Grower Concentrate
1 Kadar air % maks. 14.0 14.0 14.0
2 Protein kasar % min 19.0 18.0 36.0
3 Lemak kasar % maks. 7.4 8.0 8.0
4 Serat kasar % maks. 6.0 6.0 8.0
5 Abu % maks. 8.0 8.0 15.0
6 Kalsium (Ca) % 0.9 - 1.2 0.9 - 1.2 2.0 - 3.5
7 Fosfor (P) total % 0.6 - 1.0 0.6 - 1.0 1.2 - 1.6
8 Fosfor (P) tersedia % min. 0.4 0.4 0.8
9 Total aflatoksin µg/kg maks. 50.0 50.0 50.0
10 Energi termetabolis (EM) Kkal/kg min. 2,900.0 2,900.0 2,100.0
11 Asam amino
- Lisin % min. 1.1 0.9 2.5
- Metionin % min. 0.4 0.3 1.0
- Metionin + sistin % min. 0.6 0.5 1.5
- Triptofan % min. 0.32
SNI (Standar Nasional Indonesia )
Pakan Ayam Petelur
Persyaratan
No Parameter Satuan
Starter Grower Layer
1 Kadar air % maks. 14.0 14.0 14.0
2 Protein kasar % min 18.0 15.0 16.0
3 Lemak kasar % maks. 7.0 7.0 7.0
4 Serat kasar % maks. 6.5 7.0 7.0
5 Abu % maks. 8.0 8.0 14.0
6 Kalsium (Ca) % 0.9 - 1.2 0.9 - 1.2 3.25 - 4.25
7 Fosfor (P) total % 0.6 - 1.0 0.6 - 1.0 0.6 - 1.0
8 Fosfor (P) tersedia % min. 0.35 0.35 0.32
9 Total aflatoksin µg/kg maks. 50.0 50.0 50.0
10 Energi termetabolis (EM) Kkal/kg min. 2,700.0 2,600.0 2,650.0
11 Asam amino
- Lisin % min. 0.9 0.65 0.8
- Metionin % min. 0.4 0.3 0.35
- Metionin + sistin % min. 0.6 0.5 0.6
Istiqomah (2016)
SNI (Standar Nasional Indonesia )
Pakan Puyuh
Persyaratan
No Parameter Satuan
Starter Grower Layer
1 Kadar air % maks. 14.0 14.0 14.0
2 Protein kasar % min 19.0 17.0 17.0
3 Lemak kasar % maks. 7.0 7.0 7.0
4 Serat kasar % maks. 6.5 7.0 7.0
5 Abu % maks. 8.0 8.0 14.0
6 Kalsium (Ca) % 0.9 - 1.2 0.9 - 1.2 2.5 - 3.5
7 Fosfor (P) total % 0.6 - 1.0 0.6 - 1.0 0.6 - 1.0
8 Fosfor (P) tersedia % min. 0.4 0.4 0.4
9 Total aflatoksin µg/kg maks. 40.0 40.0 40.0
10 Energi termetabolis (EM) Kkal/kg min. 2,800.0 2,600.0 2,700.0
11 Asam amino
- Lisin % min. 1.1 0.8 0.9
- Metionin % min. 0.4 0.35 0.4
- Metionin +Istiqomah
sistin (2016) % min. 0.6 0.5 0.6
SNI – Pakan Bebek
Persyaratan
No Parameter Satuan
Starter Grower Layer
1 Kadar air % maks. 14.0 14.0 14.0
2 Protein kasar % min 18.0 14.0 15.0
3 Lemak kasar % maks. 7.0 7.0 7.0
4 Serat kasar % maks. 7.0 8.0 8.0
5 Abu % maks. 8.0 8.0 14.0
6 Kalsium (Ca) % 0.9 - 1.2 0.9 - 1.2 3.0 - 4.0
7 Fosfor (P) total % 0.6 - 1.0 0.6 - 1.0 0.6 - 1.0
8 Fosfor (P) tersedia % min. 0.4 0.4 0.35
9 Total aflatoksin µg/kg maks. 20.0 20.0 20.0
10 Energi termetabolis (EM) Kkal/kg min. 2,700.0 2,600.0 2,650.0
11 Asam amino
- Lisin % min. 0.9 0.65 0.35
- Metionin % min. 0.4 0.3 0.8
- Metionin + sistin % min. 0.6 0.5 0.6
Kebutuhan Nutrien Ternak Ruminansia-
Sapi Potong (Beef Cattle)
Zat Gizi Tipe Ternak
Penggemukan Induk Bakalan
(Fattening) (Breeder) (Feeder)
Kadar Air (maks) 14% 14% 14%
Abu (maks) 12% 12% 12%
Protein kasar (min) 13% 14% 12%
Lemak kasar (maks) 7% 6% 6%
Kalsium / Ca 0.8 – 1.0% 0.8 – 1.0% 0.5 – 0.7%
Fosfor / P 0.6 - 0.8% 0.6 - 0.8% 0.3 – 0.5%
NDF (maks) 35% 35% 30%
UDP (maks) 5.2% 5.6% 4.2%
Aflatoksin (maks) 200 ppb 200 ppb 200 ppb
TDN 70% 65% 65%
SNI 3148.2:2009
Kebutuhan Nutrien Ternak Ruminansia-
Sapi Perah (Dairy Cattle). SNI 3148.1:2009
Zat Gizi Tipe Ternak
Pemula-2 Pemula-2 Dara Laktasi Laktasi Kering Pejantan
(Calf-1) (Calf-2) (Heifers) (Lacta- produksi bunting (Bull)
tion) tinggi (Dry-off)
(High-yield
lactation)
Kadar Air (maks) 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14%
Abu (maks) 8% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 12%
Protein kasar (min) 21% 16% 15% 16% 18% 14% 12%
Lemak kasar (maks) 12% 7% 7% 7% 7% 7% 6%
Kalsium / Ca 0.7 – 0.9% 0.4 – 0.6% 0.6 – 0.6 – 1.0 – 1.2% 0.6 – 0.8% 0.5-0.7%
0.8% 0.8%
Fosfor / P 0.4 - 0.6% 0.6 - 0.8% 0.5 - 0.7% 0.6 - 0.8% 0.6 - 0.8% 0.6 - 0.8% 0.3 –
0.5%
NDF (maks) 0% 10% 30% 35% 35% 30% 30%
UDP (maks) 8.0% 6.4% 5.6% 6.4% 7.2% 5.6% 4.2%
Aflatoksin (maks) 100 ppb 100 ppb 200 ppb 200 ppb 200 ppb 200 ppb 200 ppb
TDN 94% 78% 75% 70% 75% 65% 65%
Formulasi – 17%
Konsentrat
PK : 36% PK : 17-9 = 8
PK : 17%
Jagung
PK : 36-17 = 19
PK : 9%
27
Konsentrat
PK : 36% PK : …… %
PK : 21%
Jagung
PK : ….. %
PK : 9%
Konsentrat Petelur 36
PK : 36% PK : 21-9 = 12%
PK : 21%
Jagung
PK : 36-21 = 15%
PK : 9%
27
Jagung = 2 / (2+1) x 9%
PK : 6.00 %
PK : 9%
Campuran 1.
PK : 9.67% PK : 36 - 21 = 15.00
PK : 21%
Konsentrat
PK : 36% PK : 21-9.67 = 11.33
PK : 26.33 %
% bagian campuran 1 = 15.00 / 26.33 x 100% = 56.97% [57%]
[ Jagung = 38%, Dedak : 19%].
% bagian konsentrat = 11.33 / 26.33 x 100% = 43.03% [43%]
Teknik Formulasi –
Metode Trials and Error dengan Excel
No. Nama Bahan PELLET Persen EM Pk SK Harga
1 Jagung (Corn) 48.00 1,608.00 4.08 1.06 2,016.00
2 Dedak padi (Rice Bran) 18.00 536.40 1.80 2.05 576.00
3 Pollard 15.00 300.00 1.77 1.68 495.00
4 Bungkil Kedelai (Soybean Meal) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 Tepung Ikan (Fish Meal) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 Tep. Daging Tulang (Meat Bone Meal) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7 Minyak 1.00 86.00 0.00 0.00 140.00
8 DCP 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
9 L-Lys 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10 DL-Meth 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11 Konsentrat Petelur K-36 18.00 504.00 6.48 1.80 1,386.00
12 Bungkil kelapa 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 Tep. Daging Tulang (Meat Bone Meal) mash 2,150.00 50.40 50.40
7 Minyak liquid 8,600.00 0.00 0.00
8 DCP mash 0.00 0.00 0.00
9 L-Lys mash 119.75 119.75
10 DL-Meth mash 58.69 58.69
11 Konsentrat petelur K-36 mash 2,800.00 36.00 36.00
12 Bungkil kelapa mash 1,410.00 18.60 18.60
13 Lignobond DD mash
14 Imunno-Chick mash
15 Premix mash
Istiqomah (2016)
Bagaimana Formulasi Pakan
Ruminansia ???
Problem:
• Pakan Bijian, Tepung2 [Kering]
• Pakan Hijauan Rumput [Basah/Segar]
• Kebutuhan Konsumsi Bahan Kering
Solusi :
• Perhitungan dlam BK
• Konversi dalam Bahan Segar
Formulasi Untuk Pakan Ruminan
Kebutuhan BK Sapi bobot 300 kg = 3% x 300 kg = 9 kg
Metode Bujur Sangkar (Square Methods)
Pakan Konsentrat
PK : 15% PK : 10-8 = 2 %
PK : 10%
Jagung (Tebon)
PK : 15-10 = 5 %
PK : 8%
7