Makalah Hari/Tanggal: Senin 28 Februari 2022

Pertanian Digital Dosen: Syahroni Hidayat, S.T., M.Eng.

DMP06206

TUGAS MAKALAH PERTANIAN DIGITAL

EFFECTIVE CROP MANAGEMENT

Oleh:

Nama : Zulham Mizwar

NIM : J1B019116

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK PERTANIAN

FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PANGAN DAN AGROINDUSTRI

UNIVERSITAS MATARAM

2022
 DAFTAR ISI

DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................... 2

DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................. 3

DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................... 4

BAB I ...................................................................................................................... 5

PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................... 5

1. LATAR BELAKANG .............................................................................. 5

2. TUJUAN .................................................................................................. 6

BAB II ..................................................................................................................... 7

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ...................................................................................... 7

BAB III ................................................................................................................. 12

HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ......................................................................... 12

BAB IV ................................................................................................................. 16

PENUTUP ......................................................................................................... 16

1. KESIMPULAN ...................................................................................... 16

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 17

 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 3. 1 Sprayer ............................................................................................. 12

Gambar 3. 2 Fertilizer Spreaders .......................................................................... 13
Gambar 3. 3 Field Manure Spreaders ................................................................... 14
Gambar 3. 4 Mechanical Weed Control ................................................................ 15
Gambar 3. 5 Field Shredders ................................................................................. 15
 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1. Jurnal 1……………………………………………………………7

Tabel 2. Jurnal 2……………………………………………………………8
Tabel 3. Jurnal 3……………………………………………………………9
 BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
1. LATAR BELAKANG
Pada prinsipnya, hasil tanaman ditentukan oleh interaksi genetik dan faktor
lingkungan. Praktek pengelolaan seperti irigasi, pemupukan, budidaya,
penanaman metode dll diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan kondisi lingkungan.
Kombinasi yang tidak tepat dari varietas, lingkungan dan manajemen
menyebabkan kegagalan dalam mencapai hasil yang tinggi. Banyak computer
pemodel telah mencoba memahami interaksi ini dan menggunakannya sebagai
dasar untuk membangun tanaman model simulasi. Jika model mampu meniru
kondisi nyata, berarti model tersebut mampu merepresentasikan
interaksi/keterkaitan kedua faktor tersebut dengan baik. Model-model ini dapat
digunakan untuk memahami bagaimana tanaman tertentu akan berperilaku jika
terkena kondisi lingkungan tertentu. Dengan demikian, dapat digunakan untuk
menilai pengaruh variabilitas iklim pada hasil panen untuk tanaman tertentu
Manajemen.
Banyak peneliti telah menggunakan model simulasi tanaman untuk
menerjemahkan iklim sehari-hari variabilitas selama umur tanaman ke dalam
kisaran potensi hasil yang mungkin di bawah perkiraan kondisi musiman. Di
Indonesia, penggunaan pemodelan simulasi tanaman untuk menilai
kemungkinan kinerja tanaman dalam prediksi iklim musiman tertentu sedang
dieksplorasi. Sebuah studi pendahuluan menunjukkan bahwa jika nilai SOI
pada bulan Juli negatif kuat, menunjukkan tahun El-Nino, tidak ada perubahan
bahwa hasil kedelai yang ditanam pada bulan Agustus akan lebih dari 1,0 t/ha
atau jagung lebih dari 2 t/ha.
Penggunaan simulasi tanaman akan membutuhkan data iklim harian
historis. Namun, harian data hampir tidak tersedia. Dalam banyak kasus, data
iklim historis panjang yang tersedia hanya bulanan data curah hujan. Masalah
ini dapat diselesaikan dengan menggunakan model generator data iklim yang
 dapat menghasilkan data harian dari data curah hujan bulanan. Kajian ini
menilai penggunaan sistem pertanian pemodelan dalam mengevaluasi strategi
tanam dan rotasi tanaman di Pusaka Negara Provinsi Jawa Barat, dan
penggunaan model pembangkit data iklim untuk pemodelan sistem pertanian.

2. TUJUAN
Tujuan dibuatnya makalah ini adalah agar mahasiswa dapat mengetahui apa
itu Effective Crop Management dan teknologi apa saja yang ada di dalamnya.
 BAB II
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
1. Jurnal 1

THE USE OF AGRICULTURE SYSTEM MODELING FOR

Judul CROP MANAGEMENT: CASE STUDY IN PUSAKA

NEGARA.

Penulis R. Boer, M.K. Rahadiyan and Perdinan.

Integration of the toll with climate forecast modeling will provide

greater help for decision makers and farmers to set up better
drought coping strategies. However, the adoption of this tool is
Tujuan constrained by limited availability of long historical daily
climatic data. This study indicates that the use of climatic data
generator can solve this problem.

This study was conducted at Pusaka Negara-West Java, one of a

major food crop producing region in Indonesia. The main
cropping system in this region is rice-rice and mostly irrigated.
The first rice crop is normally planted between October up to
December (wet season planting) depending on the irrigation
scheduling and the second rice crop is planted between April and
Metode
June (dry season planting). However, the second rice crops
planted late in the season normally expose to high drought risk,
particularly in areas located at the end tail irrigation system and
the dry season rainfall fall below normal which normally occur
in El-Nino years. In this season the irrigation does not reach this
area, thus the crops rely much on rainfall. If farmers know in
 advance the characteristics of dry seasonal rainfall, they may
switch their second crop to non-rice which requires less water.

Application of this approach at Pusaka Negara was assessed. It is

suggested that when April SOI phase is rapidly falling or
constantly negative (indicating EL-Nino years), keeping planting

Hasil dan rice in the dry season is not recommended. Farmers may need to

Kesimpulan change their crops to non-rice crops requiring less water. The
latest planting time for these crops in the El-Nino years should be
first week of May. If the harvesting of first rice crops occurt after
1st week of May, it is suggested that the land should be fallowed.

2. Jurnal 2

CROP MANAGEMENT BASED ON FIELD

Judul OBSERVATIONS: CASE STUDIES IN SUGARCANE AND

COFFEE.

James Cock, Thomas Oberthür, Camilo Isaacs, Peter Roman

Läderach, Alberto Palma, Javier Carbonell, Jorge Victoria,
Penulis Geoff Watts, Alvaro Amaya, Laure Collet, Germán Lema and
Einar Anderson.

The basis of the methodology is to (a) obtain data from a series

of cropping events that characterizes the conditions under which
each crop is grown, how it is managed and how it performs under
Tujuan
commercial conditions (data capture), (b) to manage and analyze
the data in centralized databases (data management and analysis)
and (c) make the information derived from the data analysis
 available to growers so that they can use it to make better
informed decisions (interpretation).

The processes of characterization of the growing conditions,

including both environmental and management parameters, the
establishment of databases, the data analysis and interpretation,
and mechanisms of interacting with producers are described with
emphasis on the importance of social organization and farmers’
groups. Examples are given of how this approach can be used to
better understand the crop response to variation in the
environment and management, and how this can be used by
Metode farmers to improve productivity and quality in two contrasting
crops. The paper demonstrates that operational research can be
used to evaluate farmers’ experiences and to share that
knowledge amongst them so as to improve their production
practices in the context of their particular environment. It is
suggested that the operation research approach is particularly
effective in heterogeneous landscapes with perennial crops that
have not been the subject of intense research.

The operational research is effective in determining the crop

response to variables that are not readily studied in small plots
and in determining optimal combinations of multiple variables.
Hasil dan Producers believe in the results obtained as there are none of the
Kesimpulan problems of scaling up from experimental plots to commercial
conditions. It is proposed that the approaches described can
readily be applied to other crop species.

3. Jurnal 3
 TILLAGE AND CROP MANAGEMENT EFFECTS ON SOIL
Judul EROSION IN CENTRAL CROATIA.

Penulis F. Basic, I. Kisic, M. Mesic, O. Nestroy and A. Butorac.

Our objectives were to quantify soil erosion (referred to as

erosional drift) and to assign erosion risk to six tillage and crop
management treatments evaluated from 1995 to 1999 for a 5-
year maize (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine hyspida L.), winter
Tujuan wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), oil-seed rape (Brassica napus var.
oleifera L.), and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plus
double-crop soybean rotation on Stagnic Luvisols in central
Croatia.

Standard black fallow (tilled, unsown, and without any

vegetative cover) Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) plots
were used to establish the erosion potential associated with the
rainfall pattern for each year. Soil loss from the check plots was
several times greater than the T value, which is estimated to be
10 t ha−1 per year. During the 2 years when spring seeded maize
or soybean were grown (1995 and 1996) erosion risk was
extremely high, especially for treatments where tillage and
Metode
planting (row direction) were up and down the slope. When
autumn seeded winter wheat or oil-seed rape were grown
(1996/1997 or 1997/1998), soil erosion was insignificant. Also,
except when plowing and sowing were up and down slope,
erosion loss for the spring barley plus double-crop soybean crops
in 1999 was insignificant. With no-tillage, soil erosion from the
maize and soybean crops was reduced 40 and 65% compared to
plowing up and down slope, even though the planting direction
 was still up and down the slope. With the exception of maize in
1995, erosion losses were moderate to insignificant when
plowing and planting were performed across the slope.

We conclude that erosion risk can be used as a reliable indicator

Hasil dan of sustainable land management and that using no-tillage or

Kesimpulan plowing and planting perpendicular to the predominant slope are

effective soil conservation practices for this region.
 BAB III
HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
Good crop management practices call for: good land preparation, a selection
of varieties resistant to diseases and pests, suitable varieties for the geographic
region, good crop establishment. Without the above, crop management will prove
to be both difficult and expensive. Dari semua jurnal yang telah di-review,
semuanya pada intinya akan mebahas tentang bagaimana kita memanajemen
tanaman, baik itu untuk teknologinya maupun untuk tanamannya sendiri dengan
tanahnya. Dari sector teknolgi, ada beberapa teknologi yang ada dalam pembahasan
kali ini, yaitu:

a. Sprayers
Spraying is an important activity in intensive agriculture due to new diseases
and pests occurring every year. Chemical application is a very critical operation,
requiring high precision.

Gambar 3. 1 Sprayer
b. Fertilizer Spreaders
 The sandy and infertile soils in the Arabian peninsula and Sub Saharan Africa
means that soils are mostly devoid of some essential elements. This calls for
supplementing the minerals using various methods.
The most common method of application is done using spreaders. This is
especially true owing to the fact that large basal doses before or when planting
requires bigger spreading capacity in a short time since the planting window is
normally small.

Gambar 3. 2 Fertilizer Spreaders

c. Field Manure Spreaders
Good crop management practices call for good soil preparation, selection of
varieties resistant to diseases and pests, suitable varieties for a geographic
region, efficient crop establishment. Without the above, crop management will
prove to be both difficult and expensive.
Unlike growing crops in fertile soils, growing in soils which are poor in organic
matter and essential minerals requires a lot of support in terms of enriching the
soil both with organic matter and inorganic fertilizer and this, several times
during the crop season. Most soils in the region have a negligible amount or no
 organic matter. However organic waste and compost that can be put to proper
use are available in large amounts.

Gambar 3. 3 Field Manure Spreaders

d. Mechanical Weed Control
Several row crops need to have the space between the rows cultivated during
the lag phase of the crop to avoid weeds overgrowing the main crop.
Besides, such operations can be combined with the application of fertilizers
(banded) or spread between the rows for certain crops.
 Gambar 3. 4 Mechanical Weed Control
e. Field Shredders
Shredders are an essential equipment when a large volume of post-harvest
residues needs to be handled before the next crop is established within a short
interval. Typical examples are Corn, Cotton and others.

Gambar 3. 5 Field Shredders

 BAB IV
PENUTUP
1. KESIMPULAN
Kesimpulan dari makalah Pertanian Digital dengan pokok bahasan
Effective crop management ini adalah:

a. Effective crop management adalah sebuah metode untuk dapat menentukan

kombinasi yang terbaik, yang harus diberikan untuk tanaman agar mendapatkan
kecukupan dari segala aspek agar pertumbuhannya berjalan dengan lancer.
b. Ada beberapa teknologi yang terdapat didalam Effective crop management, yaitu:
- Sprayers
- Fertilizer Spreaders
- Field Manure Spreaders
- Mechanical Weed Control
- Field shredders
 DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Crop management in arid areas (ics-agri.com)

F. Basic, I. Kisic, M. Mesic, O. 2004. Nestroy and A. Butorac. TILLAGE AND

CROP MANAGEMENT EFFECTS ON SOIL EROSION IN CENTRAL
CROATIA. F. Basic et al. / Soil & Tillage Research. Croatia.

James Cock, Thomas Oberthür, Camilo Isaacs, Peter Roman Läderach, Alberto
Palma, Javier Carbonell, Jorge Victoria, Geoff Watts, Alvaro Amaya, Laure Collet,
Germán Lema and Einar Anderson. 2011. CROP MANAGEMENT BASED ON
FIELD OBSERVATIONS: CASE STUDIES IN SUGARCANE AND COFFEE. J.
Cock et al. / Agricultural Systems. Colombia.

R. Boer, M.K. Rahadiyan and Perdinan. 2007. THE USE OF AGRICULTURE

SYSTEM MODELING FOR CROP MANAGEMENT: CASE STUDY IN
PUSAKA NEGARA. J. Agromet Indonesia. Bogor.