Kebutuhan Energi
Kebutuhan Energi
WIDARDO
Sumber energi tubuh (kimia) :
Makanan :
Karbohidrat (4 kkal/g)
Lemak (9 kkal/g)
Protein (4 kkal/g)
Alkohol (7 kkal/g)
Guna :
Menjaga integritas tubuh (struktural/biokimia)
Kerja : internal (respirasi, kontraksi, sirkulasi);
eksternal (panas)
Kebutuhan Energi :
Basal metabolisme
Thermogenesis
Eksternal work / phisical activity
Pertumbuhan (jaringan baru / hamil)
Pembentukan ASI
BMR meningkat :
Cofein (10-30% BMR) 1-3 jam; TEE = 3%
Smoke (10% BMR) 24 jam 24 batang
Thermogenesis :
Obligatory (pencernaan, penyerapan, proses,
menyimpan)
TEF = thermic effect of food) : mix food = 10%,
Karbohidrat = 5-10%, Lemak = 0-5%, Protein =
20-30%.
Fakultative/regulatory (selain obligatory)
Nervous sistem
MENAKSIR ANGKA KECUKUPAN ENERGI
Kecukupan energi : LMD + KDK + Keg Fisik
LMD (Laju Metabolik Dasar) / BMR / RMR
KDK (Kegiatan Dinamik Khusus) / SDA / TEF
LMD ditentukan : 1. BB
2. Susunan Tubuh
3. Umur
4. Jenis Kelamin
Perkiraan BMR / LMD
Sex AKE
L P
0 – 3 Th 1,8 1,8
3 – 10 Th 1,9 1,7
10 – 12 Th 1,73 1,69
13 – 15 Th 1,66 1,56
16 – 18 Th 1,60 1,52
Tambahan Energi :
• Wanita Hamil : 70000 Kkal selama
kehamilan ( 285 / H )
• Menyusui :
• 6 Bl pertama >80% ASI : 700/h
• 6 Bl kedua : 500/h
• Tahun ke II : 400/h
LANGKAH
MERENCANAKAN MENU
1. Estimate desirable body weight
• Dikurangi atau Dijaga
2. Calculate energy needs in kcalories.
• BEE (Harris and Benedict)
• W : 655+(9.6xBB(Kg)+(1.7xTB(Cm)-(4.7xage(Th)
• M : 66+(13.7xBB(Kg)+x(5xTB(Cm)-(6.8xage(Th)
• Add to BEE for activity :
– 20% sedentary
– 35% moderate active
– 50% active
• Add to BEE for stress :
– 10-15% elective surgery
– 20-40% surgery or fractures
– 50-100% major burn
• Add to BEE for fever (if present) :
– 13% per degree centigrade over normal body temp
(37o)
• Add to BEE for growth (if necessary) :
– 5% moderate weight loss
– 10-15% severe weight loss
3. Determine the grams of
carbohydrate, fat and protein :
- 55-60% of the kcalories from Ch
- 25-30% of the kcalories from fat
- 12-20% of the kcalories from Protein
4. Translate the diet prescription into a
meal plan.