Gagal Jantung
CPCD
Edema Paru
CKD
GAGAL JANTUNG
Definisi
• Chronic HF
• Stable HF
• Decompensated HF (acutely) & compensated
• De novo
• Congestive HF
Terminologi HF Sesuai Keparahan Gejala
Epidemiologi, Etiologi, Patofisiologi,
Perjalanan Penyakit
• 1–2% dari populasi dewasa di negara
berkembang menderita HF, setengahnya
memiliki EF yang rendah
• Coronary artery disease (CAD) Dua
pertiga dari kasus HF sistolik
• Penyebab lainnya
– Hipertensi dan diabetes, Infeksi virus, Alkohol,
Kemoterapi (doxorubicin atau trastuzumab),
‘Idiopathic’ Dilated cardiomyopathy
Cont’d..
• Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
• CRT
CPCD (PPOK)
DEFINITION
• Cor pulmonale: the altered structure and/or
impaired function of the right ventricle that
results from pulmonary hypertension that is
associated with:
diseases of the lung (eg, chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease),
vasculature (eg, idiopathic pulmonary arterial
hypertension),
upper airway (eg, obstructive sleep apnea),
or chest wall (eg, kyphoscoliosis)
OVERVIEW CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
ETIOLOGI
Patofisiology
Acute cor pulmonale is a disorder in which the right ventricle (RV) is dilated and the
muscular wall is stretched thin
Two main conditions can cause acute cor pulmonale: pulmonary embolism (more
common) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
In ARDS, 2 factors cause right ventricular (RV) overload: the pathologic features of the
syndrome itself and mechanical ventilation. Mechanical ventilation, especially higher tidal
volume, requires a higher transpulmonary pressure.
This may present with often life-threatening cardiogenic shock, or death, but if the patient
survives the initial event, then the RV often recovers and cor pulmonale no longer exists
after several weeks.
Patophysiology
ENVIROMENTAL
GENETIC maternal rubella(PDA, PS,
ASD)
thalidomide and
isotretionin early
single gene mutation during gestation
syndromes Noonan, (cardiac
Leopard, Ells van Creveld, malformation non spesific)
Kartagener chronic maternal alcohol
abuse(VSD)
Braunwald’s 2008
Klasifikasi
Ciri-cirinya :
FTT Gizi buruk Ciri-cirinya :
Gagal jantung kongestif Gizi masih bailk
- tachypneu Tidak ada gagal jantung
- takikardi Sianosis sentral hipoksia
kronis pengaruhi SSP
GANGGUAN GANGGUAN
PERTUMBUHAN PERKEMBANGAN
VSD
Presentasi Klinis
• Sign and symptoms
Dyspneu on exertion(DOE), exercise tolerance
Berhubungan dg degree derajat+lamanya LR
shunt peningkatan pulmonary pressure
• Physical findings
Auskultasi Holositolic atau Pansistolic Murmur
d intensitas tgt dari besar kecilnya VSDVSD
besar tdk tll kasar(harsh)+ lebih meniup
(blowing) ok perbedaan tek. tdk tll besar
Atrial Septal Defect
Prevalence :
1/1500 live
births
5-10% of all
CHD
male:female →
1:2
Cardiac finding ASD
47
47
PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS
Prevalence:
5-10% of all CHD, Female:Male 1:3
– Cardiac findings:
– Machinary/continous murmur
– ICS 2 PSL
– Apical diastolic rumble (+) in large PDA
50
50
Figure cardiac finding
52
52
Tetralogy of Fallot (ada 4 kelainan) SOAL
Prevalence:
10% of all CHD, the most
common cyanotic heart
defect
• Infundibular Pulmonary
Stenosis (RV outflow
tract obstruction)
• VSD (nonrestrictive,
subaortic
perimembranous)
• Dextroposition of Aorta
(over-riding aorta)
• RV Hypertrophy
Cardiac finding
Sign :
Hyperpneu deep cyanosis
Lethargy
Convulsion
Coma
Death
56
56
• Provocated By :
- prolong crying (lama nangis)
- Hard defecation (ngeden)
- Morning Get Up
- In Meal
57
57
Pathomechanism
58
58
Sumber Bacaan :
1. Braunwald’s Heart Disease, a textbook of
cardiovascular medicine
2. Hurst’s The Heart 12 th edition
3. Manual if cardiovascular medicine (Griffin BP and
Topol EJ)
4. Pediatric Cardiology for practitioners (Myung K. Park)
5. Buku Ajar Kardiologi Anak (Sudigdo Sastroasmoro,
Bambang Madiyono)
6. Buku Ajar Kardiologi FK UI
7. Standar Pelayanan Medik RS Jantung Harapan Kita
2009
8. Guideline ESC
KELAINAN KATUP JANTUNG
MACAM KELAINAN KATUP
1. STENOSIS
Daun katup terbatas untuk terbuka –
tekanan tinggi di belakang katup
2. INSUFISIENSI / REGURGITASI
Penutupan daun katup tidak sempurna –
timbul aliran balik ke belakang
3. PROLAPS DAUN KATUP
Daun katup terpeleset ke belakang
PENYEBAB
•Kelainan katup
•Anulus dilatasi - kardiomiopati
•Kelainan chorda
•Kelainan musculus papilaris
Terbanyak karena prolaps katup
dan PJK
Patofisiologi
Etiology :
• Valvular AS : congenital, rheumatic, bicuspid,
and age related calsific degeneration
• Subvalvular AS : congenital
• Supravalvular : uncommon, congenital
syndrome
Patofisiologi
• Pressure overload
• Diastolic dysfunction
• Supply-demand mismatch
Kriteria diagnostik :
Etiologi:
• Terbanyak karena penyakit jantung reumatik
• Penyebab lain: Marfan syndrome, sifilis
• Regurgitasi akut: demam reuma,
endokarditis, ruptur sinus valsava
AORTA REGURGITATION