Tujuan definitif :
- Identifikasi status normal
- mengetahui variasi keadaan normal dgn cara
menvalidasi keluhan dan gejala pasien
- Penapisan / screening keadaan pasien
- Pemantauan kesehatan / penyakit pasien saat
ini
1. Inspeksi
Inspeksi : melihat & mengevaluasi pasien
secara visual
Konsentrasi natural memperhatikan pasien
secara seksama, persisten dan tidak terburuburu
Perhatikan bila terdapat luka, massa
abnormal, ataupun asimetri wajah dan leher.
Gunakan pula indera pendengaran dan
penciuman utk validasi visual
2. palpasi
Palpasi : menyentuh, merasakan dengan
tangan
Merupakan langkah ke 2 stlh inspeksi
Menggunakan bagian tangan yg paling sensitif
utk palpasi
Gunakan pads atau ujung jari bag. distal ruas
interphalangeal ujung saraf sensitif
terkelompok slg berdekatan
Dorsum tangan utk pengukuran kasar suhu
tubuh
Jenis palpasi : ringan, medium, dalam
3. Perkusi
4. auskultasi
LIMFONODI
Lymph nodes / Limfonodi/ Nodus Limfatika adalah struktur
kecil, lunak, bulat atau oval yg dpt ditemukan di seluruh
tubuh dan berhubungan satu sama lainnya dlm model spt
rantai oleh kanal serupa pemb.darah.
Penyebab Limfadenopati/
Limfadenitis
: adalah proses inflamasi dan
Penyebab umum limfadenopati
infeksi :
a. Kronik : ISPA, infeksi dental, tonsillitis-pharyngitis,
stomatitis, atau dermatitis, tuberculosis, syphilis.
b. Akut : infeksi bakteri (mis. abses akut), virus dan ricketsia
(mis. mumps, herpes zoster, herpes simpleks, Erythema
Multiforme), infeksi mononukleosis
Penyebab yg jarang terjadi:
a. Metastase tumor pada limfonodi
b. Neoplasma pd sistem limfatika, misal : limfoma,
limfosarkoma, Penyakit Hodgkin, leukimia, reticular cell
sarcoma
Note :
Gradually enlarging groups of nodes in the
absence of local infection and inflammation are a
significant finding that suggests either systemic
disease (eg, infectious mononucleosis or
generalized lymphadenopathy associated with
human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection) or
a lymphoid neoplasm (lymphoma or Hodgkins
disease)
such a finding justifies examination for (or inquiry
about) lymphoid enlargement at distant sites, such
as the axilla, inguinal region, andspleen, to confirm
the generalized nature of the process.
A.Submental
B.Submandibular
C.Parotid
D.Preauricular
E.Postauricular
F. Occipital
G.Anterior cervical
H.Posterior cervical
I. Supraclavicular
Ln. Occipital
Ln. Submandibular
Ln. Submental :
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