Berikut Handout kuliah kemarin === Dasar-Dasar Promosi, Perilaku dan Sosiologi Kesehatan

Dosen: Prof. Pawito, Ph. D

1. Pengertian promosi kesehatan

WHO: Promosi kesehatan (health promotion) adalah upaya “..... enables people to increase control
over their own health.”

Upaya ini menurut WHO meliputi “... a wide range of social and environmental interventions that are
designed to benefit and protect individual people’s health and quality of life by addressing and
preventing the root causes of ill health, not just focusing on treatment and cure.”

[https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/toolkits/health-promotion/1/definition]

2. Program-program yang lazim dikembangkan

Programi-program yang lazim untuk upaya ini (biasanya terkait dengan upaya pencegahan penyakit
dan peningkatan kualitas hidup serta lingkungan) meliputi:

Komunikasi. Program ini terutama bertujuan untuk “Raising awareness about healthy behaviors for
the general public. Examples of communication strategies include public service announcements,
health fairs, mass media campaigns, and newsletters.

Edukasi. Tujuan utama dari program edukasi untuk kesehatan masyarakat adalah:”Empowering
behavior change and actions through increased knowledge. Examples of health education strategies
include courses, trainings, and support groups.”

Kebijakan.Pada intinya program berkenaan dengan kebijakan untuk program promosi kesehatan
masyarakat (biasanya diintegrasikan dengan perbaikan-perbaikan sistem serta peningkatan kualitas
lingkungan) memberikan penekanan terhadap upaya mendorong perubahan yang sistematis guna
meningkatkan pilihan-pilihan atau kemungkinan-kemungkinan untuk peningkatan kesehatan
masyarakat dengan melalui misalnya : “improved laws, rules, and regulations (policy), functional
organizational components (systems), and economic, social, or physical environment.”

[https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/toolkits/health-promotion/1/definition]

3. Beberapa prinsip pokok dalam promosi kesehatan

Beberapa prinsip pokok untuk upaya pengembangan strategi promosi kesehatan masyarakat dapat
disebutkan misalnya:

1. Health promotion is context driven: Focuses on health and its underlying social and economic
determinants for analyzing socioeconomic, gender and ethnic gaps in health and disease patterns in
populations.

2. Health promotion integrates the three dimensions of the WHO health definition: Promoting
health means addressing the multi-dimensional nature of health: its physical, social, and mental
dimensions (and often, spiritual health).
3. Health promotion underpins the overall responsibility of the state in promoting health All levels of
government have a responsibility and accountability for protecting, maintaining and improving the
health of its citizens, and need to include health as a major component.

4. Health promotion champions good health as a public good . Good health is beneficial to the
society as a whole, its social and its economic development.

5. Participation is a core principle in promoting health. The participation of people and their
communities in improving and controlling the conditions for health is a core principle in promoting
health.

[https://www.who.int/healthpromotion/conferences/6gchp/mediacentre/hpr_backgrounddoc_sum
mary.pdf?ua=1]