PADA ANAK
Hemostasis
Vaskuler Trombosit
Faktor Pembekuan
perdarahan Berlangsung
>1 tempat
Anamnesis
lama?
Riwayat Keluarga?
Diagnosis
Tanda Vital
Perdarahan:
Petechie
Perdarahan
Echimosis Pemeriksaan
Purpura lama
Fisik menghilang
Hematom
Pemeriksaan Musculosceletal
Jenis-jenis manifestasi perdarahan di tubuh
• Kepala: perdarahan intracranial: perdarahan epidural, subdural,
intraventrikel, subarachnoid, intra serebri, subkonjungtiva, telinga,
hidung, gusi.
• Kulit: perdarahan bawah kulit, peteki, ekimosis, hematom, perdarahan
otot.
• Sendi: hemarthrosis.
• Dada: hemithoraks, perdarahan cavum pleura, hemoptoe, perdarhan
pericard.
• Saluran cerna: hematemesis, ascites hemoragik, hematochesia, melena.
• Saluran kemih: hematuri.
Pendekatan secara klinik
KETERANGAN VASKULER TROMBOSIT PEMBEKUAN
Terjadinya Spontan Spontan Trauma
Peteki + + -
Ekimosis + + + besar
Perdarahan jaringan
dalam :
hemartrosis,dll - - +
Pemeriksaan saringan:
1. Jumlah Trombosit
2. Waktu perdarahan (fungsi trombosit)
3. Waktu protrombin (PT)
4. Activated partial tromboplastin time (APTT)
Pemeriksaan khusus:
1. Faktor pembekuan (factor assay)
2. Fungsi trombosit:
agregasi, release reaction dll.
Pendekatan secara laboratorium
VASKULER SHS
ITP
TROMBOSIT Anemia aplastik
Sepsis
Leukemia
DHF
DIC
PEMBEKUAN
Hemofilia
DIC
Rumple leede
Platelet count (normal:
150,000 - 400,000 cell/mm3)
Laboratorium
Partial Tromboplastin
Bleeding time Protrombin Time
Time (normal: 25-40
(normal: 2-7 minute) (normal: 10-15 second)
second)
Penyebab Penyakit Perdarahan?
?
Vascular Defect
Platelet disorders
Coagulation factor deficiency
?
Vascular Defect
Vitamin C deficiency
Bakterial and viral infection
Acquired
Herediter
Immune (HSP)
Vascular defect: Schonlein
Henoch Syndrome (SHS)
Age 6 months-
Sistemic vasculitis most adolescents (2-8 years)
in children
Incidens
20/100.000 Etiology unknown
Clinical Manifestation SHS
Skin Joint
GI Tract Kidney
Skin Clinical Manifestation
• Makulopapular rash
petekie purpura
• Simetris, ekstensor,
gluteus
• 3-10 day, recurrent 3-4
month
Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
phagocytosis by
macrophage in RES
Thrombocytopenia
Laboratorium ITP
CBC: thrombocyte 10.000-50.000/mm3
Bone marrow: megakariosit ↑ ,
multinuclear, lobulation
Imunology: IgG to gp IIb/IIIa thrombocyte
Coagulation factor deficiency
• Congenital • Acquired
• Hemophilia A and B • Liver diseases
• vonWillebrands • Vitamin K
disease deficiency
• Drug (Warfarin)
• DIC
Platelet Coagulation