TETANUS ANAK
& TETANUS NEONATORUM
• Diagnosis ?
• Tatalaksana ?
PENDAHULUAN
CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI
Gram positif berbentuk spora
Bentuk vegetatif berada dalam kead Anaerob
Menghasilkan eksotoksin
Masa inkubasi = 5-14 hari
trismus
risus sardonicus
opistotonus
dinding perut kaku/papan
kaku kuduk
ektremitas kaku
SADAR
kejang
DERAJAT
BERAT
KAKU, SERING KEJANG SPONTAN
SEDANG
KAKU, KEJANG RANGSANG
RINGAN
TRISMUS
Diagnosis banding :
• proses lokal: omsk, peritonsilar
abses,mastoiditis
• tetani karena hipokalsemia
• meningitis, ensefalitis
• rabies
• miositis leher
• spondilitis leher
PENYULIT
• SEPSIS
• PNEUMONIA
• ASPIRASI LENDIR/MINUMAN/MAKANAN
• ATELEKTASIS
• KOMPRESI FRAKTUR
PENGOBATAN
Pengobatan umum :
• cairan dan nutrisi
• saluran napas bebas
• oksigen
• antikonvulsan (diazepam) : 0,1-0,3 mg/kgbb
interval 2-4 jam iv
• perawatan luka
PENGOBATAN
Pengobatan khusus :
• 1. Antibiotik
– Lini I : Metronidazol IV
Dosis inisial : 15mg/kgbb
Dosis lanjutan: 30 mg/kgbb/hari interval 6 jam (7-
10 hari)
• demam
• neonatus
• derajad berat
TETANUS NEONATORUM
• perjalanan lebih cepat
• lebih berat
• prognosis lebih buruk
• pemotongan/perawatan tali pusat tidak steril
• gejala pertama:
– bayi tiba2 tidak mau menetek
– melut mencucur (kapermond)
Neonatal tetanus
• Similar with tetanus in children but more
severe and usually generalized
• Entry site: umbilical cord due to contaminated
delivery on susceptible mother. Labour
process mostly helped by traditional healer
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Clinical symptoms
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Treatment
• Similar with tetanus in children
• Intravenous fluid drips:
– Glucose 5-10%:NaCl 0,9% 4:1 for 48-72 hours
• ATS: 10.000 units/days; 2 days
• Anticonvulsants/muscle relaxans
In the past:
– Diazepam, phenobarbital, chlorpromazine
– If necessary: add chloralhydrate 50 mg/kgBW/day
suppositoria
– Diazepam: 4-5 mg/kg/day I.V divided in 4 doses
– Phenobarbital: initial dose: 30-60 mg I.M 6 x 15
mg/day
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In the present:
– Give only diazepam. Initial dose: 2,5 mg I.V slowly (2-
3 min) Following doses: 8-10 mg/kg/day drips. Can
be increased 15 mg/kg/ day.
• Penicilline procaine 50.000 IU/kg/day I.M
combination with
– Kanamycin15 mg/kg/day in 2 doses OR
– Ampicillin 100 mg/kg/day in 4 doses OR
– Gentamycin 2-5 mg/kg/day in 2 doses
• Oxygen, mucus suction, tracheostomi if
necessary
• Umbilical cord nursing.
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Prognosis
• Mortality rate: 45-55%
– Tetanus neonatorum: 60%
• RSCM:
– 30% 14-15% (1978)
– Tetanus neonatorum: 80% 50-60% (1978)
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Prevention
• Immunization
– DPT: 2-3 3-4 4-5 mo
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• Patient with no history of immunization:
– Penicillin
– ATS 750-1500 IU OR TIG 250-500 U
– Tetanus toxoid
• Immunization (+): ATS/TT (-)
• Risky wound, TT last longer than 5 yr:
– Tetanus toxoid
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The best management of tetanus:
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PENCEGAHAN
• mencegah terjadi luka
• ATS
• Kebersihan persalinan