5
Di sekitar kita
• Apapun yang ada di
ruangan,yang dapat dilihat,
disentuh, dibau atau
dirasakan….
• adalah materi.
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Setiap materi dapat dalam 3
keadaan:
• Padat, Solid
• Cair, Liquid
• Gas, Gas
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Atoms and Molecules
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Matter: is it pure or impure
Materi
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Matter Summary
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Setiap materi memiliki sifat,
materi berbeda memiliki sifat berbeda
• Physical Properties are the characteristics of matter
that can be changed without changing its
composition.
Characteristics that are directly observable.
Chapter One 14
Physical Properties
Melting Point Boiling Point
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Chemical Properties
Acidity Basicity
Inertness Explosiveness
Inflammable Flammable
Oxidizing Reducing 17
Some Chemical Properties of Iron
• Iron is easily oxidized in
moist air to form rust.
• When iron is added to
hydrochloric acid, it produces
a solution of ferric chloride
and hydrogen gas.
• Iron is more reactive than
silver, but less reactive than
magnesium.
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Quiz: is it a Physical or Chemical
Property
• Salt is a white, granular solid = physical.
• Salt melts at 801 °C = physical.
• Salt is stable at room temperature, it does not decompose
= chemical.
• 36 g of salt will dissolve in 100 g of water = physical.
• When a clear, colorless solution of silver nitrate is added
to a salt solution, a white solid forms = chemical.
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Matter has Properties, Matter can
also go through Changes
• Changes that alter the state or appearance of the
matter without altering the composition are
called physical changes.
• Changes that alter the composition of the matter
are called chemical changes.
During the chemical change, the atoms that are
present rearrange into new molecules, but all of the
original atoms are still present.
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Is it a Physical or Chemical Change?
• A physical change results in a different form of
the same substance.
The kinds of molecules don’t change.
• A chemical change results in one or more
completely new substances.
Also called chemical reactions.
The new substances have different molecules than the
original substances.
You will observe different physical properties because
the new substances have their own physical properties.
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Phase Changes Are
Physical Changes
• Boiling = liquid to gas.
• Melting = solid to liquid.
• Subliming = solid to gas.
• Freezing = liquid to solid.
• Condensing = gas to liquid.
• Deposition = gas to solid.
• State changes require heating or cooling the substance.
Evaporation is not a simple phase change, it is a solution
process.
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Quiz: is it a Physical or Chemical change
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Distillation: different boiling points
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Filtration: different solubility's
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Summary
• Moving Matter has Energy. Motion is
related to temperature. All energy formulas
are relations between mass and temperature
• Matter has 3 states States/Properties/Change
• Matter has properties are all related to temperature
and how much you have
• Matter can change
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Law of Conservation of Mass
• Antoine Lavoisier
• “Matter is neither created nor destroyed in a
chemical reaction.”
• The total amount of matter present before a
chemical reaction is always the same as the total
amount after.
• butane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water
58 grams + 208 grams 176 grams + 90 grams
266 grams = 266 grams
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Law of Conservation of Energy
• “Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.”
• The total amount of energy in the universe is
constant. There is no process that can increase
or decrease that amount.
• Note: neither Mass nor Energy are ever
destroyed
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Energy
• The Fundamental Principle of the Universe is
Energy
• From the Greeks to Newton to Quantum
Mechanics Energy is known as the capacity to do
work and is simply calculated by knowing the
mass and velocity of a particle.
• The harder you swing an ax the faster you can
fall a tree.
• Guess what happens when you walk into a
wall .005 mph or 500 mph
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