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UKK Infeksi & Penyakit Tropis IDAI
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Outline
• Background
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Pertusis
Difteri
Mampu Bertahan
di lingkungan sekitar kita!!!
POLIO
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Rapid transportation = rapid microbial transmission
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Persentase orang yang diimunisasi
harus tinggi, mengingat PD3I,
sangat menular
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Kenyataan cakupan imunisasi di Indonesia…..
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Sebanyak 1.714.471 anak tidak mendapat
Imunisasi Dasar Lengkap (IDL) pada 2019-2021
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Tidak mengherankan…
muncul berbagai KLB di Indonesia
Cakupan imunisasi menurun,
muncul KLB penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi (PD3I)
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Pasien Campak RSHS 18 Nov 2022
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KASUS SSPE
10 bulan JE
12 bulan PCV3
18 bulan DTP/HB-HiB 4, MR2
Lainnya
Defek Pendengaran • Intrauterine growth retardation
• Tuli Sensorineural • Thrombocytopenia, dengan purpura
(uni/bilateral) • Hepatitis/hepatosplenomegaly
• Bone lesions
Defek Kardiovascular • Pneumonitis
• Persistent ductus arteriosus • Lymphadenopathy
• Pulmonary artery stenosis • Diabetes mellitus
• Ventricular septal defect © Nucleus Medical Art, Inc. / Phototake • Thyroid disorders
• Myocarditis • Progressive rubella panencephalitis
1. Best JM et al. In: Zuckerman AJ et al, eds. Principles and Practices of Clinical Virology. 6th ed. West Sussex, UK: Wiley & Sons; 2009:561–592. Adapted with permission from Best JM et al, Principles and Practices of Clinical Virology. 6th ed., John Wiley
& Sons. Reprinted from The Lancet, Vol. 363, Banatvala JE et al, Rubella, pgs 1127–1137, © 2004, with permission from Elsevier.
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Usia Imunisasi Imunisasi Baru
< 24 jam Hepatitis B0
1 bulan BCG, OPB1
2 bulan DTP/HB-HiB 1, OPV2 + PCV1
3 bulan DTP/HB-HiB 2, OPV3 + PCV2
4 bulan DTP/HB-HiB 3, OPV4 & IPV
9 bulan MR + IPV2
10 bulan JE
12 bulan PCV3
18 bulan DTP/HB-HiB 4, MR2
Kelas 6 +HPV2
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Pertusis
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• Spasme otot leher
• Trismus: mulut mencucu, sulit menetek
• Sardonic smile of tetanus
• Opistotonus
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Usia Imunisasi Imunisasi Baru
< 24 jam Hepatitis B0
1 bulan BCG, OPB1
2 bulan DTP/HB-HiB 1, OPV2 + PCV1
Kelas 6 +HPV2
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Menginfeksi semua usia (terutama anak balita)
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Usia Imunisasi Imunisasi Baru
< 24 jam Hepatitis B0
1 bulan BCG, OPV1
9 bulan MR + IPV2
10 bulan JE
12 bulan PCV3
18 bulan DTP/HB-HiB 4, MR2
Prevalence: 48%
Most common:
6, 23, 15, 33, or 12
Prevalence:
2.8% at 2 weeks- Prevalence:
13.9% at 8 weeks 21.5% at 2 months-
67.3% at 12 months
Prevalence: 43% Most common:
Most common: 6B, NT2, 19F, 23F
6A/B, 15 B/C, 11A, 23F,19F
12 – 24 months
Padang Jakarta Bandung: 63.6%
Semarang Lombok: 50.5%
Prevalence: 46% Bandung
Most common: Padang: 34.6%
19F, 19A, 6A/B, 23F, 11A Gn.Kidul
Lombok
Sumba Prevalence: 84.5%
Most common:
Prevalence: 31.2% Prevalence: 46% 6A/6B, 19F, 23F, 19A, 14
Most common: Most common:
6A/6B, 19F, 3, 14, 23F 6A/B, 19F, 23F, 15 B/C,19A
Usia Imunisasi Imunisasi Baru
< 24 jam Hepatitis B0
1 bulan BCG, OPB1
DTP/HB-HiB 1, OPV2 + PCV1
3 bulan DTP/HB-HiB 2, OPV3 + PCV2
4 bulan DTP/HB-HiB 3, OPV4 & IPV
9 bulan MR + IPV2
10 bulan JE
12 bulan PCV3
18 bulan DTP/HB-HiB 4, MR2
Sentinel Sites
★ Provincial Hospital
▲ District Hospital
n=173, 18% Study sites, level of risk based
n=115, 2%
on environmental factors and
JE positivity
rate throughout Indonesia
Low
n=173, 5%
n=548, 4%
Mixed
n=165, 7%
High
This map was compiled using data believed to be accurate. However, a degree
of error is inherent in all maps. No attempt has been made in either the design
or production of the map to define the limits of jurisdiction of any federal, state,
or local government
Ompusunggu et al. 2008 Am J Trop Med Hyg
Birds Social
Insects Pigs
Interaction
• Vaccination:
üRoutine
Possible Control
• Vector control • Pig Farming üOutbreak control
Mechanisms improvement • Change of
housing location
Risk of getting JE Vaccination is the most important & effective control measure
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Usia Imunisasi Imunisasi Baru
< 24 jam Hepatitis B0
1 bulan BCG, OPB1
2 bulan DTP/HB-HiB 1, OPV2 + PCV1 + rotavirus
3 bulan DTP/HB-HiB 2, OPV3 + PCV2 + rotavirus
4 bulan DTP/HB-HiB 3, OPV4 & IPV rotavirus
9 bulan MR + IPV2
10 bulan JE
12 bulan PCV3
18 bulan DTP/HB-HiB 4, MR2
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Mengapa memerlukan
beberapa kali pemberian imunisasi?
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Plotkin SL, Plotkin SA. "A short history of vaccination," In: Plotkin S, Orenstein W, Offit PA. Vaccines, 5th edition,
Philadelphia: Saunders, 2008.
Anggraini Alam
Adalah…. HAK ANAK untuk menjadi sehat dan kuat dengan
dilindungi oleh IMUNISASI
dan KITA semua bertanggung jawab terhadap ANAK
Terima kasih
Anggraini Alam