Muhadi
Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Penyakit
Dalam Indonesia (PAPDI)
Pendahuluan
Riskesdas 2013 menunjukkan peningkatan
penyakit tidak menular (PTM) dan masih
tingginya masalah gizi di masyarakat yang
diduga berkaitan dengan perubahan pola
konsumsi makanan di masyarakat.
World Health Organisation. Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control.
CVD = Cardiovascular Disease 2011.
Available at:
Global Burden of Hypertension
Year 2000
upper-middle-income countries 50 %
Year 2025
72%
66%
51%
38%
18%
9%
3%
Kemenkes
Jika saat ini penduduk Indonesia sebesar 252.124.458 jiwa
maka terdapat 65.048.110 jiwa penyandang hipertensi.
Lima Provinsi dengan Prevalensi Hipertensi
Tertinggi dalam Jumlah Absolut (Jiwa)
*berdasarkan estimasi penduduk sasaran program pembangunan kesehatan tahun 2014, Pusdatin
Kemenkes
Penyakit-penyakit yang
mungkin timbul akibat
Hipertensi
Untreated Hypertension Is Associated
With Macrovascular and Microvascular
Complications
5x
Ditentukan menurut jawaban responden yang pernah ditentukan oleh nakes dan gejala
Kemenkes
Lifestyle modifications to
prevent and manage
hypertension*
Diet Evidence: Effect on Blood Pressure
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Group
459 hypertensive patients randomized to 1 of 3 diets for 8
weeks
132
Systolic blood 130
pressure 128
(mm Hg) Diet low in fruits, vegetables,
126 and dairy products
124
Diet enriched in fruits,
86
vegetables, and fiber
Diastolic blood 84
pressure 82 Diet enriched in fruits and
(mm Hg) vegetables and low in fat and
80
cholesterol
78
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7/8
Weeks
A diversified diet improves blood pressure
Diabetic Stroke
Retinopathy
2- to 4-fold increase
Leading cause in
of blindness cardiovascular
in adults1,2 mortality and stroke5
Diabetic
Cardiovascular
Nephropathy Disease
Leading cause of
8/10 individuals with
end-stage renal
diabetes die from CV
disease3,4
events6
Diabetic
Peripheral Arterial
Neuropathy
Disease
~6070% of patients
causes >60% of non-
have mild to severe
traumatic
nervous system
lower-limb amputations
damage
UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Diabetes Res 1990. 2Fong DS, et al. Diabetes Care 2003. 3The Hypertension in Diabetes Study Group. J Hypertens 1993.
1
Molitch ME, et al. Diabetes Care 2003. 5Kannel WB, et al. Am Heart J 1990;. 6Gray RP & Yudkin JS. Cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. In Textbook of
4
Diabetes 2nd Edition, 1997. Blackwell Sciences. 7Kings Fund. Counting the cost. The real impact of non-insulin dependent diabetes. London: British Diabetic 32
Association, 1996. 8Mayfield JA, et al. Diabetes Care 2003.
Coronary Heart Disease Risk According to
LDL-C Level
3.7
Relative Risk for Coronary
Heart Disease (Log Scale)
2.9
2.2
1.7
1.3
1.0
Obesitas
Abdominal
Obesitas
Ginoid
OBESITAS ABDOMINAL
OBESITAS GINOID
PENYAKIT yang terkait
Obesitas
Stroke Jantung
Risiko 2 x lipat koroner
Risiko 6 x lipat
Diabetes
Risiko 10 x lipat
Kanker Pankreas
HIPERTENSI Risiko 2 x lipat
Risiko 2 x lipat
Osteoartritis
Kanker Payudara Risiko 2 x lipat
Risiko 3 x lipat
Batu Empedu
Risiko 3 x lipat
Kanker Kolon
Risiko 2 x lipat
Masalah Kehamilan Kanker Rahim
Risiko 2 x lipat Risiko 5 x lipat
KESIMPULAN
Konsumsi gula > 50 gram, natrium > 2000
miligram (mg), atau lemak total > 67 gram per
orang per hari berisiko hipertensi, stroke,
diabetes, dan serangan jantung.