Manajemen Implementasi
Konsep Dasar
Hemodinamik Cardiac Arrest Pemantauan
Pemantauan
Pada Pasien Management Hemodinamik
Hemodinamik
Kritis di area Non ICU
Contoh Kasus
Definisi :
Suatu pengukuran terhadap sistem kardiovaskuler
yang dapat dilakukan dengan cara non invasif atau
invasif untuk memberikan informasi mengenai
keadaan Pembuluh darah, Jumlah darah
dalam tubuh dan Kemampuan jantung untuk
memompakan darah.
(Barbara, 2008)
Sirkulasi Darah Manusia
Pembuluh
darah
Sirkulasi Pulmonal
1. Right atrium
2. Right ventrikel
3. Pulmonal arteri
4. Pulmonal Jumlah
Darah
Sirkulasi sistemik
1. Left atrium
2. Left ventrikel
3. Aorta
4. Arteri Pompa
Jantung
5. Vena
PEMANTAUAN HEMODINAMIK
Memberikan
1.Menyiapkan dan Analisis
gambaran
memasang alat Identifikasi penyebab
masalah yang
2.Mencatat pada data normal masalah atau
lembar terjadi dan
atau tidak identifikasi
pemantauan memberikan
normal masalah yang
Rekomendasi
terjadi
tindakan
JENIS PEMANTAUAN
HEMODINAMIK
Non Invasive
1. Keadaan Umum
2. Tingkat kesadaran
3. Warna kulit / Suhu Invasive Monitoring
tubuh 1. IBP
2. CVP
4. Tanda-tanda vital 3. PAC (Swanganz)
(TD,HR,SatO2,RR)
5. Nadi perifer
6. Capilary refill time
7. Urine output
Non Invasive Haemodinamic Monitoring
1.Keadaan Umum
2.Tingkat kesadaran
3.Warna kulit / Suhu tubuh
4.Tanda-tanda vital (TD,HR,SatO2,RR)
5.Nadi perifer
6.Capilary refill time
7.Urine output
INVASIVE MONITORING
Invasive Invasive +PAC
ABP
PAP
CVP
PCWP
Invasive Monitoring In ICU
Advanced Invasive Monitoring :
Pulmonary Artery Catheter
Pulmonary Artery Catheter (PAC)
NORMAL VALUES
PARAMETERS NORMAL VALUES
MAP 70 - 90 mmHg
Cardiac Index 2.2 – 4.0 L/min/M2
Cardiac Output 4-8 L/min2-8 mmHg
Central Venous Pressure (CVP) Systolic 20-30 mmHg (PAS)
Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PA) Diastolic 4-12 mmHg (PAD)
Mean 15-25 mmHg
Pulmonary Capillary Wedge 6-12mmHg
Pressure (PWCP
Systemic Vascular 800-1200
Resistance(SVR)
OXYGEN DELIVERY
(DO2)
Heart Rate
(HR)
X Stroke Volume
(SV)
X SVR
MONITORING
When values are LOW When values are HIGH
PARAMETERS
Volume Expander : Diuretics CRRT / HD
CVP/PAWP
Coloid Venodilator
Critalloid PreLoad
Arteriovasodilators :
Volume Ca Channel Blokers
Vasopressors : SVR/PVR
Alpha Inhibiitors
Alpa Stimulator Afterload Vascular Relaxants
Ace Inhibitors
Positif Inotropik:
Beta 1 stimulator Negatif Inotropik :
Phospodiaters inhibitor Contractility Beta Blokers
Cardiac Glikosiders Ca Channel Blockers
MONITORING
When values are LOW When values are HIGH
PARAMETERS
Volume Expander :
CVP/PAWP Diuretics
Coloid
PreLoad Venodilator
Critalloid
Arteriovasodilators :
Volume Ca Channel Blokers
Vasopressors : SVR/PVR
Alpha Inhibiitors
Alpa Stimulator Afterload Vascular Relaxants
Ace Inhibitors
Positif Inotropik:
Beta 1 stimulator Negatif Inotropik :
Phospodiaters inhibitor Contractility Beta Blokers
Cardiac Glikosiders Ca Channel Blockers
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine DD DD
Dopamine DD DD
Dobutamine DD
IABP
Lollgen et. Al. Care of the critically ill. Vol 6. No 2. P62-66
Intra-Aortic Balloon
Counter pulsation
Therapy
• Intraaortic Balloon Counterpulsation (IABC)
Counterpulsation has become a standard component of
treatment in patients with cardiogenic shock or severe
acute left heart failure that :
• Does not respond rapidly to fluid administration, vasodilatation, and inotropic support;
• Is complicated by significant MR or rupture of the interventricular septum, to obtain
haemodynamic stabilization for definitive diagnostic studies or treatment; or
• Is accompanied by severe myocardial ischemia, in preparation for coronary
angiography and revascularization.
• Class of recommendation I, Level of evidence B
Keadaan terhentinya aliran darah dalam sistem sirkulasi tubuh secara tiba-tiba
akibat terganggunya efektivitas kontraksi jantung
Cardiac Arrest / Henti Jantung
1. Pasien tidak sadar
2. Tidak ada nafas dan tidak teraba nadi
3. EKG:
Ventricular Fibrillation (VF)
Asistole
Hasil penelitian :
Gbr EKG pada saat terjadi serangan jantung , sekitar 60%-70% adalah irama Ventricular
Fibrilasi (VF)
SINUS RHYTHM
Penatalaksanaan Code Blue
Tidak Dapat Dilakukan seorang Diri
Code Blue Team Positions (AHA 2015)
IMPLEMENTASI HAEMODINAMIK
MONITORING DI AREA NON ICU
The Process of Dying
Primary ventricular
fibrillation
0 min
Primary Asystole
Asphyxia:
(Airway Obstruction)
(Apnea)
5-12 min
Pengen
waranlainn pas
?
Circulatory Arrest
Shock
Brain Failure
s
VS
PASIEN MANAKAH
YANG DIKATAKAN KONDISI
BAIK ?
Pasien A Pasien B
Tek. Darah 150/70 mmHg Tek. Darah 90/60 mmHg
70% (45/64) of pts show evidence of respiratory deterioration within 8 hrs of arrest
(Schein, 1990)
66% (99/150) of pts show abnormal signs and symptoms within 6 hrs of arrest and MD
is notified in 25% (25/99) of cases (Franklin, 1994)
Six abnormal clinical observations were found to be independently associated with an
increased high risk of mortality: decrease in level of consciousness, loss of
conciousness, hypoxia, and tachypnea. Among these events, the most common were
hypoxia (51%) and hypotension (17%) (Buist, 2004)
6-8 hrs before arrest Cardiac Arrest