CLASSIFICATION OF

INVERTEBRATE ANIMAL
PHILUM
(Porifera, Placozoa, Cnidaria, and Ctenophora)
a. Preliminary
b. Generally Characteristic
c. Distribution
d. Spesific Of Characteristic
e. Clasification
f. Role and Example
 Group 1

Elsa Mulia Fanny Firly

Oktaviana Gusnita
Marsel
 Preliminary
PORIFERA AND GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

Porifera is a phylum of invertebrates. As previously mentioned,

sponges are one of the phyla contained in the kingdom Animalia,
and are included in the category of Invertebrates or animals without
a backbone. They include the simplest primitive animals, because
they do not have true tissues or organs.
Porifera are often also called porous animals or sponges. This is
because the characteristics of sponges mostly have a skeleton made
of spongin fibers. This is what makes its body like a sponge.
Porifera also have various sizes, some grow only a few millimeters,
some are meters.
 Preliminary
PLACOZOA & CHARACTERISTICS

Placozoa is a phylum of invertebrate animals that has the simplest

structure of all animals. They are generally classified as a single
species, Placozoa have a low-level tissue organization consisting of
only four distinct somatic cell types arranged in a lower and upper
functional side encasing a number of intermediate cells.
 Preliminary
CNIDARY & CHARACTERISTICS
Cnidaria is a phylum of more than 10,000 species of simple animals found
only in aquatic, mostly marine environments. From an etymological point
of view, the word Cnidaria comes from the Greek "cnidos" which means
"stinging needle". The stinging ability of cnidarians is the origin of their
name. A distinctive feature of Cnidarians are cnidocytes, which are
specialized cells that they use primarily to capture prey and defend
themselves.
CTENOPHORA & CHARACTERISTICS
Ctenophora or comb jellyfish is a phylum of invertebrates that live in
marine waters around the world. Members of this phylum at first glance
resemble jellyfish animals, although they have basic differences. Their
distinctive feature is the "comb" which has eight rows, this comb is a
collection of cilia that they use to swim, and they are the largest animal
that swims using cilia.
 DISTRIBUTION OF PHILUM
1. Distribution of the phylum Porifera
Porifera have a distribution from the intertidal zone to the sub-littoral zone of a
waters. Porifera are common in tropical and sub-tropical waters. This animal
can be a bioindicator of the level of clarity of a waters.
2. Distribution of the phylum placozoa
When first discovered, this animal can only be found on the walls of the
aquarium. Now Trichoplax can be found in the oceans (especially on coral
reefs) and near the coast in tropical and subtropical climates, attached to the
roots of mangrove trees, buildings, or rocks. Trichoplax are sensitive to salt
depletion, so it is suspected that they cannot be found in rivers or seasonally in
areas subject to heavy monsoon rains.
3. Distribution of the phylum cnidaria
Cnidaria is a phylum of more than 10,000 species of simple animals found only
in aquatic, mostly marine environments.
4. Distribution of the ctenophores phylum
Ctenophores can be found in a variety of marine environments, from polar to
tropical seas, from nearshore to high seas.
OTHER PROPERTIES / SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS

1. Phylum PORIFERA
- They include the simplest primitive animals, because they
do not have true tissues or organs.
- Porifera are heterotrophic organisms that cannot make
their own food. They consume bacteria and plankton to meet
their needs.
- Sex Porifera are not separated between males and females
(hemaphroditic). In other words, in one body there are two
sexes at once
- The body is attached to a base and is sedentary (settled)
- Reproduction is done asexually and sexually.
OTHER PROPERTIES / SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS

2. Phylum Placozoa

- The newly discovered species of placozoa is Trichoplax

- Tricoplax has a small body, flat
- Body size is about 1 mm
- Has an irregular shape, although the lower surface is
slightly concave, and the upper surface is always flat
- the method used by these animals to move by crawling on
the seabed.
- Placozoa forage for food in the following way: The lower
surface of the body of placozoa ingests small particles or
organic detritus from where the animal feeds.
- Asexual and sexual reproduction
OTHER PROPERTIES / SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS

3. Phylum Cnidaria

1) Radial symmetry, diploblastic body.

2) have stinging cells (cnidoblasts)
3) Cnidoblasts contain nematocytes that function to catch
prey
4) Has two body shapes, namely polyp (tube-shaped body,
unable to move freely/attached) and medusa (umbrella-
shaped body, able to swim freely).
5) Reproduction vegetatively by forming shoots and
sexually by fertilization of ova by spermatozoa.
.
OTHER PROPERTIES / SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS

4. Phylum Ctenophora

- The body is radially symmetrical with a diameter of about

1-10 cm
- Does not have a stinger
- Has tentacles equipped with colloblast adhesive cells
- The tentacles are a pair
- Has one mouth and two outlets
- Able to emit light from his body
 Clasification Of Porifera
Based on their body structure, the phylum Porifera is grouped into
three classes, namely: Hexactinellida, Demospongiae and Calcarea.

1. Class Hexactinellida (Hyalospongiae)

Its characteristics include:
 The spicules are six
 His body is pale and shaped like a vase.
 Live in the sea at a depth of 200-1000 meters.
 Example of Hexactinellida , Euplectella.
 Clasification Of Porifera
2. Class Demospongiae
The characteristics of Demospongiae include:
 Composed of spongin fibers
 The body is brightly colored because it contains pigments
found in amoebocytes.
 Height and diameter reaches more than 2 meters.
 The body shape is irregular and branched.
 Live in the sea and in fresh water.
 Examples of Demospongiae are: Spongia, Hypospongia,
Nipathes digitalis.
 Clasification Of Porifera
3. Class Calcarea (calcisspongia)
The characteristics of Calcarea include:
1. The skeleton is composed of Calcium Carbonate.
2. The body is pale in color with the shape of a flower vase or cylinder.
3. The height is less than 10 cm.
4. Live at sea.
Examples of Calcarea are:Sycon ciliatum dan Leucosolenia
botryoides.
 Clasification Of Placozoa
Placozoa have only one member, Trichoplax which is a small,
flattened animal with a diameter of about 1 mm. Like the Amoeba,
these animals do not have a clear shape, the lower surface is slightly
concave, and the top is flat. The body consists of a simple epithelial
outer layer surrounding a sheet of stellate cells that resembles more
complex animal mesenchyme. Its epithelial cells have flagella,
which they use to crawl on the sea floor.
Its lower surface ingests small organic particles as food. These
animals reproduce asexually by releasing buds.
 Clasification Of Cnidaria
Divided into 3 classes namely:
• Class Hydrozoa: mostly Class Scyphozoa : • Class Anthozoa:
live in marine colonies, All live in the sea, During their life in the
the body shape is in the the dominant form form of polyps and are
form of polyps and as a medusa found in the sea that can
medusa, while the solitary produce calcium
(floating on a
members only have carbonate ( CaCO3 )
polyps. Example: Hydra body of water). looks like plants, for
(polyp) and obelia (polyp Example: Aurelia example: sea anemones
and medusa) aurita (jellyfish) and metridium sp.
 Clasification Of Ctenophora
1. Tentaculata Class
Tentaculata is a member of invertebrate animals belonging to
the phylum Ctenophora. Tentaculata is an animal that belongs
to the class of comb jellyfish. A common feature of this class is
a pair of long, hairy, contractile tentacles, which can be pulled
back into a special eyelash sheath. The tentacles have
colloblasts, which have sticky ends that serve to catch prey.
Example is Martensia ovum
 Clasification Of Ctenophora

2. Nuda Class
Nuda is a class of phylum ctenophora or comb jellyfish. This class
contains 1 family with 2 genera, namely Beroe and Neis. This class is
more commonly referred to as "Beroids". This class is distinguished
from other comb jellyfish by the absence of tentacles, in juvenile and
adult stages. Beroe is found throughout the oceans and seas. All
Beroids are free swimmers that form part of the plankton. Example is
Beroe cucumis.
 Clasification Of
Ctenophora
3. Class Scleroctenophora
Scleroctenophora is a class of the extinct phylum Ctenophora.
Found in Maotianhan flakes, China, Yunnan. Scleroctenophora is
easily distinguished from other ctenophores by the presence of an
internal skeleton that supports the body. Example is Gemmactena
actinala.
ROLE AND EXAMPLE
1. PORIFERA
2. PLACOZOA
3. CNIDARIA
4. CTENOPHORA
 1. Porifera
Positive Role
 As a scrubbing tool for bathing and washing : Euspongia
oficinalis
 Spongia and Hippospongia can be used as bath sponges.
 Euspongia mollisima is commonly used as a toilet cleaner
which is expensive
 Petrosia contegnatta species produce bioactive compounds
that are efficacious as anti-cancer drugs, while anti-asthma
drugs are taken from Cymbacela.
 Sponge Luffariella variabilis produces bastadin, okadaic
acid, and monoalid compounds which have very high
selling value.
 1. Porifera
Negative Role
In general, the loss of sponges to humans is very
small, perhaps one example of the losses caused by
sponges because they can live attached to oyster
shells, thereby reducing the quality of oysters in
oyster farms.
 2.
Placozoa
There is not much information about the role
of these animals in the ecosystem. Perhaps
Placozoa act as a food source for plankton-
eating animals (planktivores). In a food chain,
Placozoa are thought to also play a role in
energy transfer to higher trophic levels
because they eat algae or protozoa.
 3. Cnidaria
• Then there are also those that can be used for medicines from
several types of cnidarians, such as root bahar (the skeleton is
composed of horn substances).
• Corallium rubrum for jewelry in the form of necklaces and rings
in the form of beads and Euplexaura anthipathes for bracelets.
• Source of food and cosmetic ingredients. Example: jellyfish
(Aurelia sp.)
• As an anti-cancer drug. Example: a sponge of the species Petrosia
contegnatta.
• Forming coral reefs
 4. Ctenophora
Positive Role

1. Maintaining the balance of the marine ecosystem

Ctenophora is one of the natural predators of several marine
organisms. One of them is Zooplankton which is widely
scattered. The behavior of ctenophores that eat zooplankton
will maintain a balance in the number of phytoplankton.
2. Source of other animal food
Ctennophora in addition to functioning as a predator. He is
also the prey of other organisms. Those who prey on these
animals are usually classified as larger organisms. Fish and
turtles are examples of organisms that often become
predators of these animals. However, not infrequently
sometimes this one animal is also the prey of other jellyfish.
 4. Ctenophora
Negative Role
1. Prey on the larvae of other animals
Ctenophora is one of the animals that can be categorized as a
type of greedy animal. They do not look at the type of organism
that is preyed upon. In certain incidents this one animal preys
on the larvae of several types of fish and shellfish cultured. This
causes losses in terms of the economy of the community.
2. Invasive animal species
Some types of ctenophores are very dangerous invasive
species. One type is Mnemiopsis. This one animal can tolerate
various temperatures and salt levels, besides that they are also
fast breeding. When a species enters a new ecosystem, it will
adapt very quickly and become a quite dangerous predator.
 Thank
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