IKHTISAR ARTIKEL JURNAL

MANAGEMENT RUMAH SAKIT

OLEH:
Fanky Fazdianki Ramadhan
71231066

Pembimbing:
DR. Erliany Syaodih, M.Pd

PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER MANAGEMEN KONSTERASI MANAGEMENT RUMAH

SAKIT UNIVERSITAS ADHIRAJASA RESWARA SANJAYA
(ARS UNIVERSITY)
2023
 Jurnal 1
a. Judul:
"Optimizing Healthcare Operations: A Study of Interlinked Hospital
Management Systems"

b. Masalah:

Pengelolaan rumah sakit yang efektif dan efisien memerlukan sistem

manajemen yang terintegrasi dan terkomputerisasi. Pengelolaan rumah sakit yang efisien
dan efektif adalah salah satu aspek kunci dalam penyediaan layanan kesehatan yang
berkualitas. Namun, masih ada banyak tantangan dalam mengintegrasikan sistem
manajemen rumah sakit untuk mencapai efisiensi dan koordinasi yang optimal. Oleh
karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi penggunaan dan manfaat
sistem manajemen rumah sakit yang terhubung (Interlinked Hospital Management
System) dalam meningkatkan operasi rumah sakit.

c. Rumusan Masalah:

1. Bagaimana cara mengembangkan sistem manajemen rumah sakit yang

terintegrasi dan terkomputerisasi?
2. Apa saja fitur yang dibutuhkan dalam sistem manajemen rumah sakit yang
terintegrasi dan terkomputerisasi?
3. Bagaimana cara mengimplementasikan sistem manajemen rumah sakit
yang terintegrasi dan terkomputerisasi?
4. Pertanyaan Penelitian / Hipotesis:
5. Bagaimana pengaruh penggunaan Interlinked Hospital Management
System terhadap efektivitas dan efisiensi pengelolaan rumah sakit?
6. Apakah Interlinked Hospital Management System dapat meningkatkan
kualitas pelayanan kesehatan di rumah sakit?
7. Bagaimana persepsi pengguna terhadap Interlinked Hospital Management
System?
 d. Pertanyaan Penelitian:
1. Bagaimana implementasi sistem manajemen rumah sakit berdampak pada
efisiensi operasional dan pengiriman perawatan pasien?
2. Apa pengaruh sistem manajemen rumah sakit terhadap kepuasan pasien
dan kualitas perawatan yang diberikan?
3. Bagaimana penggunaan teknologi informasi dalam sistem manajemen
rumah sakit dapat meningkatkan aksesibilitas data pasien dan
pengambilan keputusan klinis?
4. Apa dampak sistem manajemen rumah sakit terhadap pengelolaan
inventaris dan pengendalian biaya di rumah sakit?

e. Hipotesis:
1. Implementasi sistem manajemen rumah sakit yang efisien akan
meningkatkan efisiensi operasional dan pengiriman perawatan pasien.
2. Penggunaan sistem manajemen rumah sakit yang canggih akan
berkontribusi positif terhadap kepuasan pasien dan peningkatan kualitas
perawatan.
3. Penggunaan teknologi informasi dalam sistem manajemen rumah
sakit akan mengarah pada aksesibilitas yang lebih baik terhadap data pasien
dan pengambilan keputusan klinis yang lebih baik.
4. Penggunaan sistem manajemen rumah sakit yang baik akan
membantu dalam pengelolaan inventaris yang lebih efisien dan pengendalian
biaya di rumah sakit.

f. Kerangka Berpikir Teoritis:

Penelitian ini akan mengacu pada konsep-konsep teoritis dalam manajemen

rumah sakit, teknologi informasi dalam bidang kesehatan, dan integrasi sistem. Teori-
teori yang relevan akan digunakan untuk memahami dampak penggunaan sistem
manajemen rumah sakit yang terhubung terhadap efisiensi operasional, koordinasi, dan
kualitas layanan di rumah sakit.
 g. Metode Penelitian:

Penelitian ini akan menggunakan metode campuran (mixed methods), dengan

pengumpulan data kuantitatif melalui survei kepada staf medis dan pengumpulan data
kualitatif melalui wawancara dengan manajer rumah sakit dan analisis dokumen terkait.
Data akan dianalisis menggunakan teknik statistik dan analisis konten. Studi literatur
untuk mengumpulkan informasi tentang sistem manajemen rumah sakit yang terintegrasi
dan terkomputerisasi. Pengembangan Interlinked Hospital Management System.
Implementasi sistem pada beberapa rumah sakit dan pengumpulan data melalui survei
dan wawancara. Analisis data menggunakan metode statistik.

h. Kesimpulan:

Interlinked Hospital Management System adalah sistem manajemen rumah

sakit yang terintegrasi dan terkomputerisasi yang dapat meningkatkan efektivitas dan
efisiensi pengelolaan rumah sakit serta kualitas pelayanan kesehatan. Sistem ini memiliki
fitur-fitur seperti pengelolaan data pasien, pengelolaan inventaris, dan manajemen
keuangan. Implementasi sistem ini memerlukan pengembangan yang matang dan
dukungan dari seluruh pihak yang terlibat dalam pengelolaan rumah sakit. Artikel ini
membahas pentingnya Sistem Manajemen Rumah Sakit yang Terhubung (IHMS) dalam
meningkatkan kualitas perawatan pasien. IHMS adalah sistem manajemen kesehatan
berbasis web yang menghubungkan semua rumah sakit di suatu negara untuk
mengoptimalkan operasi manajemen rumah sakit. Tujuan dari sistem ini adalah untuk
mengatasi beberapa tantangan yang dihadapi oleh rumah sakit, seperti kesulitan dalam
mendapatkan catatan historis pasien selama perawatan kasus darurat. Sistem ini bekerja
dengan menangkap, menyimpan, mengambil, dan mengelola informasi yang tepat seperti
riwayat diagnostik medis dan tagihan. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam pengembangan
sistem ini adalah Rapid Application Development (RAD). Sistem ini diimplementasikan
menggunakan JavaFx, HTML, CSS, JavaScript di bagian frontend, dan PHP, XAMPP
Server Engine di bagian backend. Teknologi Sidik Jari Biometrik juga digunakan untuk
otentikasi identitas pasien dalam situasi darurat. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa
sistem ini dapat mengelola data dengan baik dan memberikan akses ke rekam medis
pasien dari berbagai rumah sakit. Dengan demikian, sistem ini dapat meningkatkan
penyimpanan dan manajemen informasi rumah sakit serta kualitas perawatan pasien
 See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334587568

Interlinked Hospital Management System

Article in International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) · February 2018

DOI: 10.21275/ART20179988

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 Interlinked Hospital Management System
Diala Stanley O1, Obasi Emmanuela C. M2
1
Department of Computer Science, School of Physical Science, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
2
Department of Computer Science and Informatics, Federal University Otuoke, P.M.B.126,Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Abstract: An Interlinked Hospitals Management System is a unique web-based health management system that links all the hospitals
operating in the country for efficient hospital management operations. The motivation behind this work is to overcome the challenges
experience in the hospitals day to day operations, especially to obtain historical records of patient at any hospital during emergency
case(s) treatment. This is achieved by proper capturing of data, storage, retrieval, and management of information (involving medical
diagnostic history and billings) that can cope with numerous patients; reducing paper work burden of manual system and aimed at
improving health care system. The framework of this system development was designed and implemented using the functional
requirements gathered from the problem definitions and analysis. The methodology used was Rapid Application Development (RAD).
The front-end programming developing tool utilized JavaFx, HTML, CSS, JavaScript while the PHP, XAMPP Server Engine at the
back-end, and Biometric Fingerprint Technology. The system was successfully implemented on Windows 7 operating system. The
results was tested and the developed web solution can capture data input, storage, retrieval, and enable hospitals to access any patient’s
medical historical record from a unified interface. Thus emergency can be handled. Therefore this yields a great improvement in the
hospitals information keeping and management towards quality of patients care.

Keywords: Hospital Management System, Patients, Patients Emergency Case, Biometric Fingerprint Authentication. Hospital Information
systems

1. Introduction methods are simple and easy to implement, but

cannot be efficiently used to manage large amount of
A medical institution is primarily devoted to the patient information or handle urgent critical cases
diagnosis and care of patients. According to [2], easily.
the appropriate and timely provision of complete
and up-to-date patient data to clinicians/hospitals Yes, it is true that many hospitals management
has for decades been one of the most demanding operations have to shift from manual operation to
objectives to be fulfilled by information electronic (web based) due to improvement in
technology in the healthcare domain. The degree technology. This has assisted in improving the
to which the patients are satisfied with the care quality of services rendered to patients by the
received is relevant not only to the doctors’ medical professionals in the hospital. However; in
expertise in their field but also to the quality of an emergency situation where the patient data does
services offered by the Hospital Management not exist in the hospital being admitted, considerable
System to ease the processes the patient goes amount of time will
through [1]. Nowadays in developing countries,
patients do spend a substantial amount of time in
clinics/hospitals they registered for when waiting
for services to be delivered by the doctors or health
professionals. The cause is that most health centers
and hospitals are presently using the personal
computers [6],
[7] and manual system in their data processing and
management which results to a number of
problems: lack of standardized data collection,
difficulties in getting correct data from legible
manual records, difficulties in storage, update of
records or keeping patients historical data –
diagnostic, drug prescription and billings;
information can be lost when records are stolen,
misplaced/ vandalized, patients are made to
contend with time wastage involved in the hospital
management protocols. Manual and semi-manual
be involved in the registration process and
diagnosis protocols. The consequence is that the
patients might not survive in such situation.
Therefore, an improved system should be
employed to overcome the challenges. These
problems necessitate the implementation of
Interlinked Hospital Management System
(IHMS).

To embrace the benefits of improvement in

technology, hospitals management operations
have to shift from manual, semi-manual and
separate application system operations to a
unified electronic (web based) system. This is
the principle behind the workability of
Interlinked Hospital Management System. In this
work, maintaining records of indoor/outdoor
patients, patients’ diagnosis details including
drugs prescription and billings, system
operations of searching, update, retrieval and
insertion will be done very easier by the
administrator. This system will assist in
handling patient in an emergent situation,
thereby overcoming the challenges of the
existing systems. This work employed the use of
Biometric Fingerprint Technology for patient
registration and patient identification during
emergency cases to ensure immediate attention
of patient at critical conditions. The IHMS will
assist in improving the quality of services
rendered to patients by the medical professionals
in the hospitals.

1.1 Aim and Objectives of IHMS

The aim of this work is to develop a unified and

secured Interlinked Hospital Management
System for the health institution operation to
manage efficiently patient records and services.
The system developed should actualize the
following objectives: easy hospitals and patients’
registration for efficient data storage, to grant
different hospitals access to the system
irrespective of their locations, easy data retrieval
while keeping the histories of medical diagnostic
records, billings and drug prescriptions. Also, to
ensure data
security, the new system will deny unauthorized country.
persons access into the system.
[1] identified the challenges existing in Mother-love
The outline of the paper is as follows. Section 2.0 Hospital, such as Data redundancy, data
discusses the related works of researchers in inconsistency, difficulty in accessing data, data
hospital management system. In section 3.0, the isolation, integrity problems, atomicity problem,
researchers looked into the IHMS Architecture, concurrent access anomalies, and some security
Entity Relational Diagram and the flowchart that problems. They cited [4] among others which
shows how the system works. The research work pinpointed at techniques behind Database
was concluded in section 5.0. In this publication, Management technologies, and thus overcome the
some explanations, database design items, existing challenges. The system is visualized as a
implementation details were neglected to avoid web based application with three- tier architecture.
complexity. This architecture provides an increased degree of
security because its multiple zones isolate protected
2. Review of Related Works healthcare data making it difficult for a hacker to get
system-level access to the database. The solution
Interlinked Hospital Management System (IHMS) proffered by this system did not incorporate enabling
is designed for multispecialty hospitals, to cover a technology to handle patients’ in critical
wide range of hospital administration and condition(s).
management processes of patient-centric system. It
is an integrated end-to-end Hospital Management
System that provides relevant information across
the hospital to support effective decision making
for patient care (medical records management and
billings), and hospital administration, in a seamless
flow. In existence, some researchers have
contributed positively in the improving of health
care institutions management systems. Therefore,
we discuss in this section below, some of the
related works done in hospital management system
by researchers in the field.

The work of [8] focused on understanding the

performance indicators of Hospital information
systems (HIS), summarizing the latest commonly
agreed standards and protocols like Health Level
Seven (HL7) standards for mutual message
exchange, HIS components, etc. The study is
qualitative and descriptive in nature and most of
the data is based on secondary sources of survey
data. However, the researchers identified several
modules for the implementation of E-Hospital
Management and Hospital Management System in
which Emergency Management was one of them.
The contents operation within this module
excludes the incorporation and use of Biometric
Fingerprint Technology. Thus, this indicates that
emergency cases in the intensive units where the
registration of patients is trivial cannot be handled
adequately with respect to time. It was noted that
the success factors of E – HMS / HIS tend to vary
depending upon leadership support, training,
technology adoption, user friendliness, etc within a
The Smart Hospital Management System (SHS) or one health organization, but by a collective
[3] was developed in the Faculty of Engineering process that includes nurses, consulting specialists,
and IT of the University of Technology, Sydney diagnostic technicians, and administrative staff. To
in Australia. It is an integration of enterprise make it possible, they must have registered in
level solutions utilizing Open Group those health institutions in order to receive fast
Architecture Framework (TOGAF). attention. However, rendering services by the
medical professional to patients takes a lot of time
The smart hospital system aims at integrating if the patients record is not in existence in that
various individual legacy applications to deliver particular domain. For instance; this condition can
a more unified solution. It is a solution aimed to also be experienced in situation where people
present architecture integration framework using embark on a journey and underserved incident of
TOGAF’s Architecture Development Method accident occurred, they must be attended by other
(ADM) – a reliable, proven approach for medical professional in a health organization
developing enterprise architecture descriptions where they were not previously registered. If the
that meets the needs of the specific business. [5] systems in health institutions are uniquely and
developed an Integrated Hospital Management seamlessly interconnected, running distributed
System (HIS) of the Information Management database as our system operate over others, the
Unit (IMU), BADAS, Bangladesh. This system nightmare of fast attention to patients critical
addresses the entire major functional areas of case(s) exist no more.
modern multi-specialty hospitals. The package
enables improved patient care, patient safety,
efficiency and reduced costs. The system
provides the benefit of streamlining operations,
enhanced administration and control, improved
responses, cost control and improved
profitability. The system was developed to
maintain a secured database of patients and
business information. It can perform the
complex task of matching, calculating,
tabulating, retrieving, printing and securing the
data as required. These systems developed do
not incorporate handling or managing emergency
situation of patients with respect to time.

[1] noted that Hospital Management System can

do nothing but benefit a clinic in terms of
productivity and patient service provision.
Protecting the valuable and confidential
information stored within databases is vital for
maintaining the integrity and reputation of
organizations everywhere not to mention
ensuring regulatory compliance. Since the use of
cloud storage is applied for backup, the hospital
should not feel that the documents on the cloud
are invisible to threats, so the need for extra
protection is necessary. In preserving integrity,
one must have a fully secure system which
means including security measures for the
protected information on the cloud database.

Nowadays in the health institutions, most

patients are not cared for by a single physician
3. Methodology/Procedure summarized in chronological order below:
 Understanding the problem space, review existing literatures,
The Integrated Hospital Management System gathering the functional requirements and thus yields the
motivation that necessitated carrying out this work.
(IHMS) is the state of the art technology that
 The system frameworks, architectural designs were carried
optimizes hospital Management to benefit citizens, out and employed.
healthcare professional and managers. The  The web application was developed and tested.
researchers aim is to provide hospitals with new
opportunities for improvement in healthcare
processes using integrated information and
medical technologies, which go beyond advanced
medical equipment, paper-free strategies, or
information centralization/sharing. To do this the
researchers have designed a complete, integrated
solution to manage any healthcare centre (public
and private hospitals, healthcare bodies -groups,
clinics, etc). This hospital management system is
complemented by clinical stations that are adapted
to healthcare professionals by offering an
integrated, homogenous system. The system is
prepared for the new model digital hospital
demanded by society, and is administered or
operated by standards such as:
 Healthcare continuity and data integration: This
provides the capability for a single health record that
allows a patient’s medical history to be available,
accessible anywhere, any day and anytime when needed
for the patient’s treatment within the country.
 Modularity, adaptability and capacity for growth:
designing an adaptable and extensive global data system
that can be parameterized and configured for each
organization. This will encourages uniformity and enhance
standard in medical information system.
 Interoperability services: with standards based
interoperability, information systems should be adapted to
the particular needs of each organisations. The systems is
prepared and made to operate for new forms of
collaboration between systems This should be made
possible since the hospitals will run and managed from a
unique system
 Security and reliability of data. Implementation of the
mechanisms required to comply with the efficiency of
Data Protection. This can be enforced using user code
based identification, or integrated with biometric systems
(fingerprint) or public key certificate. Also, there should be
increasing security when identifying patients, generating
alerts, etc.
 Accessibility. The systems that must extend the scope of
healthcare beyond the physical confines of the hospital.
 Sustainability. The activity(ies) should be always
prioritize the objective of increasing efficiency.

The research approach of the system framework is

used to structure, plan, control and implement the
system. To avoid more complexity, the
methodology details of Rapid Application
Development were omitted. Thus, the general
knowledge framework utilized in the process are
 The Biometric Fingerprint Scanner was incorporated
and its SDK and API installed for proper workability.
 Detail testing was carried out.
 The system is deployed and ready to be used.

3.1 System Architecture

The system has a user friendly interface and need

to provide consistently reliable services to the
medical professionals in performing their day to
today operations. The figure 3.1 below
represents the architectural structure of the
system implemented.

Figure 3.1: The Architecture of

Interlinked Hospital
Management System.

3.1.1 Components Explanation

We thus explain the components of the architecture
above.
 Unified Web Interface: Interlinked Hospital
Management System (IHMS) user Interface is a module
in the system through which the user communicates with
the system. User information needed by the system are
being collected through this module and patient’s
medical records is also proffered by the system through
this same module. It can also be referred to as a
dashboard for asynchronous and asynchronous
communication medium with the system by the users.
 Patients Activities: Register, admit, receive service(s)
and ask questions for clarification in the hospital.
 Staff (Doctor, Admin.) Activities: Register staff and
hospitals, attend to patients, review patients medical
records and recommended services.
 Storage: A unique remote database for data storage
mechanism.
 Server Infrastructure: Components communication
are enabled here and access to privilege users to assess
the dynamic web document. Data security and users
privilege checks are employed as noted in [9].
 Protocols: are features in the system program used to
perform specific activities or functions in the
representation based on context.
3.2 Entity Relational Diagram
Figure 3.3.1: Data Input Format for IHMS

In software engineering, an entity–relationship

model (ER model) is a data model for describing
the data or information aspects of a business
domain or its process requirements in an abstract
way that lends itself to ultimately being
implemented in a database such as a relational
database. The main components of ER models are
entities (things) and the relationships that can exist
among them. However, entities are the Doctors,
Patients, Admin, Test and thus shown below in
figure 3.2.

Figure 3.2: Entity Relational Diagram of

IHMS showing Dataflow Design

3.3 User Interface Design

The user interface design is the point of interaction

between the user and the system. It comprises of
two terminal: Input Template and Output Template
and Reports Format.

3.3.1 InputTemplate
The figure 3.3.1 below shows a conceptual view of
the input template through which the system
collects information from the user.
3.3.2 Output Template and Reports Format
The system uses the output template to show the
necessary reports and recommended services to
the user. The design of the output is critical to
the successful implementation of the system
because it is the output that provides the
information the user required, and thus shown in
figure 3.3.2 below.
Figure 3.3.2: IHMS Output Template and Reports Format

3.4 The Flowchart of IHMS

The figure below depicts the flowchart for the

workability of IHMS.

Figure 3.4: Flowchart of IHMS Depicting its Workability.

4. Implementation and Sample Results

Following the system architecture, database design

and Rapid Application Development (RAD)
methodology, the system coding was achieved. In
the coding phase, the front-end programming
developing tool utilized are JavaFx, HTML, CSS,
JavaScript while the PHP, and XAMPP Server
Engine were used at the back-end. The system was
integrated with the Biometric Fingerprint SDK
and API in the coding framework. The
implementation was thereby achieved. The system
was tested and we obtain the following sample
output (screen shots) depicted in figures 4.0 (a – f)
Figure 4.0(c): IHMS for New Hospital Registration
respectively.

Figure 4.0(a): Home Page of IHMS. Figure 4.0 (d): Search for Patient Details (for Emergency
case).

Figure 4.0 (e): Search for Patient Details (call fingerprint

device).

Figure 4.0(b): IHMS for Patients

Registration
 Figure 4.0 (f): Search for Patient Details (capture fingerprint).

5. Conclusion

As the numbers of patients keep rising, managing a health facility can become increasingly difficult, but it
can be made easy using an effective and efficient system. Proper information management system are the
mainstays for a patient’s health care and thus good for handling emergency cases. The reviewed papers
within concentrate on works done on hospital management systems but pay little or no attention of
employing modern technology like biometric fingerprint into hospital information management system for
handling emergency cases of patients. Therefore, this work seeks to analyze, design and implement a
system that will permit medical professionals in their work to improved patient care, patient safety,
efficiency (to access patient historical medical records, reduce the stress in tracking records, reducing
patients waiting time and increasing the number of patients served)and reduced costs. It provides easy
access to critical information, thereby enabling management to make better decisions on time while
attending to patients. This work will be of great importance to the Ministry of Health staff at national and
state or Local Government Area levels to explore medication information quickly within the country.

References

[1] J. K. Arthur, M. S. Jang, “The Analysis and Design of an Integrated Hospital Management System,” The Case of
Motherlove Hospital, International Journal of Computer Science Issues, ISSN (Print): 1694-0814 | ISSN (Online): 1694-
0784, Volume 12, Issue 5, 2015.
[2] J. Bisbal, D. Berry, “An Analysis framework for Electronic Health Record System,” 2009. Available:
http://www.tecn.upf.es/~jbisbal/publications/me09-01- 0002_Bisbal.pdf, Accessed: July 23, 2015.
[3] Z. Chaczko, C. Chiu, A. K. Singh, “Smart Hospital Management System: An Integration of Enterprise Level Solutions
Utilising Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF),” ISBN: 978-1-4244-5539-3/10/, 2010
[4] F. K. S. Gihan, A. M. Haneef, “Database and Flat File Validation Tool,” International Journal of Engineering
 Science Invention, ISSN (Online): 2319 – 6734, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 6726, www.ijesi.org, Volume
2 Issue 4,
PP.38-42, 2013.
[5] J. Hasan, “Integrated Hospital Information System (HIS) Special focus on BIRDEM Hospital (600 Beds),” E- Health
Telecommunication Systems and Networks 2, 29- 35, 2013.
[6] H. D. Lieu, V. T. Dung, “Health Management,” Vietnam: Ministry of Health Medical Publisher, 2008.
[7] H. N. Phuong, M. N. Anh, H. H. Anh, “Electronic Medical Record. Vietnam,” Ministry of Health Medical Publisher,
2008.
[8] B. Premkumar, K. Kalpana, “E –Hospital Management & Hospital Information Systems – Changing Trends,”
I.J. Information Engineering and Electronic Business, 1, 50-58, 2013.
[9] R. Ranjan, How to secure your cloud database in an insecure world, 2014. Available:
https://www.ibm.com/blogs/cloud- computing/2014/10/secure-cloud-database-insecure- world/, Accessed: November 12,
2017.

Author Profile

Diala, Stanley Okechukwu is a lecturer II in Computer Science Department, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo
State, Nigeria. He earned B.Tech. (honours) degree in Mathematics and
Computer Science (Computer Science option) FUTO in 2007; M.Sc. degree in Computer Science in 2012, University of Ibadan (UI), and
also a Doctorate Student in Computer Science UI with interest in Machine Learning, Recommender System and AI. He is a member of
Nigeria Computer Society (NCS) and Computer Professionals (Registration Council of Nigeria) (CPN).

Obasi Emmanuela Chinonye Mary received B.Tech. in Mathematics and Computer Science (Computer Science option) from
Federal University of Technology, Owerri Imo State in 2007 and M.sc in
Computer Science from University of Lagos, Akoka in 2011. She is now working in Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State as an
Assistant Lecturer in the department of Computer Science and Informatics.
 Jurnal 2
a. Judul:
The Hospital Management System: A Comprehensive Study of Implementation and
Impact in Sri Lankan Healthcare Institutions

b. Masalah:
Manajemen rumah sakit yang efektif dan efisien sangat penting untuk
memberikan layanan kesehatan yang berkualitas kepada pasien. Namun, manajemen
rumah sakit yang masih menggunakan sistem manual dapat menghadapi banyak
tantangan, seperti kesalahan data, keterlambatan dalam pengambilan keputusan, dan
kurangnya transparansi. Sistem manajemen rumah sakit adalah komponen kunci
dalam operasi rumah sakit modern. Namun, sejauh mana implementasi sistem
manajemen rumah sakit telah memberikan dampak positif pada efisiensi,
pengelolaan data pasien, dan kualitas layanan di institusi kesehatan di Sri Lanka
masih perlu diteliti secara mendalam.

c. Rumusan Masalah:

1. Bagaimana Hospital Management System (HMS) dapat meningkatkan

efektivitas dan efisiensi manajemen rumah sakit?
2. Bagaimana implementasi Sistem Manajemen Rumah Sakit memengaruhi
efisiensi operasional rumah sakit di Sri Lanka?
3. Sejauh mana Sistem Manajemen Rumah Sakit telah meningkatkan pengelolaan
data pasien di rumah sakit di Sri Lanka?
4. Apakah implementasi Sistem Manajemen Rumah Sakit telah berkontribusi pada
peningkatan kualitas layanan di institusi kesehatan di Sri Lanka?

d. Pertanyaan Penelitian / Hipotesis:

 1. Apakah penggunaan HMS dapat mengurangi kesalahan data, meningkatkan
kecepatan pengambilan keputusan, dan meningkatkan transparansi dalam manajemen
rumah sakit?
2. Apakah implementasi Sistem Manajemen Rumah Sakit di rumah sakit di Sri
Lanka dapat meningkatkan efisiensi operasional?

e. Hipotesis:

Implementasi Sistem Manajemen Rumah Sakit akan berdampak positif pada efisiensi
operasional rumah sakit di Sri Lanka.

f. Kerangka Berpikir Teoritis:

Kerangka berpikir teoritis penelitian ini akan mencakup konsep-konsep dalam
manajemen rumah sakit, sistem informasi kesehatan, efisiensi operasional,
pengelolaan data pasien, dan kualitas layanan di sektor kesehatan. Selain itu, akan
menganalisis literatur terkait implementasi Sistem Manajemen Rumah Sakit di
berbagai konteks internasional untuk memahami dampaknya. Penggunaan HMS
dapat membantu manajemen rumah sakit dalam mengelola data pasien, jadwal
dokter, dan inventaris obat dengan lebih efektif dan efisien. Hal ini dapat mengurangi
kesalahan data dan keterlambatan dalam pengambilan keputusan. Selain itu, HMS
juga dapat meningkatkan transparansi dalam manajemen rumah sakit dengan
memberikan akses informasi yang lebih mudah dan cepat.

g. Metode Penelitian:
Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini akan mencakup survei,
wawancara, dan analisis data sekunder. Survei akan dilakukan di berbagai rumah
sakit di Sri Lanka untuk mengumpulkan data tentang implementasi Sistem
Manajemen Rumah Sakit, sedangkan wawancara akan dilakukan dengan staf rumah
sakit dan manajemen untuk mendapatkan wawasan yang lebih mendalam. Selain itu,
data sekunder akan digunakan untuk membandingkan hasil penelitian dengan studi
sebelumnya.Studi kasus pada penggunaan HMS di rumah sakit tertentu, dengan
mengumpulkan data melalui wawancara dengan staf rumah sakit dan analisis
dokumen terkait penggunaan HMS.

h. Kesimpulan:
Penggunaan HMS dapat meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi manajemen
rumah sakit dengan mengurangi kesalahan data, meningkatkan kecepatan
pengambilan keputusan, dan meningkatkan transparansi dalam manajemen rumah
sakit. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan HMS dapat membantu rumah sakit memberikan
layanan kesehatan yang berkualitas kepada pasien. Artikel ilmiah ini berfokus pada
pengembangan sistem manajemen rumah sakit yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan
efektivitas dan integrasi sistem, serta meningkatkan profitabilitas, administrasi, dan
perawatan pasien. Sistem ini mencakup beberapa modul, seperti pemesanan dokter,
pemesanan slot tes laboratorium, layanan farmasi, dan program kesehatan. Admin
akan mengelola pengguna, sistem farmasi, manajemen program kesehatan, dan
pemesanan janji temu dokter dan tes lab. Sistem ini juga dapat menghasilkan laporan
rumah sakit yang membantu pengguna dalam melihat transaksi rumah sakit dalam
tanggal tertentu. Sistem ini juga mencakup beberapa antarmuka pengguna, termasuk
pendaftaran pasien, janji temu dengan dokter, pembayaran, dan pengelolaan program
kesehatan. Pengguna akan mendaftar dan masuk ke sistem menggunakan kredensial
yang valid. Admin dapat mengelola data pengguna melalui panel admin, sementara
pengguna dapat mengakses berbagai fitur sistem, seperti melihat janji temu dokter,
hasil tes laboratorium, dan detail program kesehatan. Sistem ini diimplementasikan
menggunakan teknologi MERN dan database MongoDB. Basis data ini dirancang
untuk mengelola informasi pasien, dokter, tes laboratorium, program medis, dan
obatobatan. Sistem ini memiliki antarmuka pengguna yang responsif dan ramah
pengguna, serta dapat membantu mengurangi beban kerja di rumah sakit dan
meningkatkan manajemen dan kinerja. Meskipun sistem ini memiliki beberapa
batasan, seperti masalah keamanan dan skalabilitas, pengembangan dan peningkatan
sistem ini di masa depan dapat membantu memperbaiki masalah tersebut. Sistem ini
merupakan langkah awal dalam menciptakan sistem manajemen rumah sakit yang
dapat membantu meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan dan kepuasan pengguna.
 The Hospital Management System
K.Nishanthan1, S.Mathyvathana2, R.Priyanthi3, A.Thusara4, D.I. De Silva5 and Dulanji
Cooray6 1Student, Department of Software Engineering, Sri Lanka Institute of Information
Technology, SRI LANKA 2Student, Department of Software Engineering, Sri Lanka
Institute of Information Technology, SRI LANKA 3Student, Department of Software
Engineering, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, SRI LANKA 4Student,
Department of Software Engineering, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, SRI
LANKA 5Lecturer, Department of Software Engineering, Sri Lanka Institute of Information
Technology, SRI LANKA 6Instructor, Department of Software Engineering, Sri Lanka
Institute of Information Technology, SRI LANKA
1
Corresponding Author: it20173968@my.sliit.lk

ABSTRACT Response(QR)
The hospital's management system includes
improved profitability, improved administration, and better
patient care. The goal of this study is to create a digital
management system that will boost the hospital's effectiveness
and systems integration standards. It was able to produce a
module that would provide some facilities, like booking
doctors, booking lab test slots, pharmacy services, and getting
health programs. This system consists of an admin handling
part, which means admin can manage users, pharmacy
systems, health program management, and manage booking
of doctor's appointments and lab tests. And through this
system, the admin can generate multiple reports according to
his needs[7]. A module that would manage the admission bills
and pharmaceutical payments; and a module that could
monitor the medicine inventory of the hospital pharmacy.
Problem statement because hospitals are associated with
ordinary people's lives and daily routines the manual
handling of the record is time-consuming and highly prone to
error. The purpose of this project is to automate, or make
online, the process of day-to-day activities. Each phase guided
the researchers in the development of the study and helped
them organize the workflow of each task. In conclusion, the
researchers found that the system could speed up the working
progress and productivity of hospital employees. It could also
generate hospital reports that could help the users to provide
an overview of the hospital transaction within specific date. It
also provided the facility for searching for the details of the
inquiring patient in the receptionist module. The system could
reduce the workloads in the hospital, resulting in better
management and working performance. In general, the study
resulted in a better improvement of hospital transactions. It
has been recommended that there is a need to enhance the
frontend design of the system.

Keywords— Computer Numerical

Control(CNC), Internet of Things (IoT), Quick
 I. INTRODUCTION
The hospital management system
contains computerized patient registration,
sorting of their information into the system, and
patient registration. The software can
automatically provide a search facility for each
patient and the employees. It has a search
feature that lets you see each availability's
status[03]. The availability of a doctor and
patient information can be searched for by the
user. With the use of a username and password,
one can access the hospital management
system[01]. A receptionist or an administrator
can access it. They alone can add data to the
database. The information is simple to retrieve.
The user interface is quite simple[05,06].
Data processing is quick and very well
for personal usage. For multispecialty hospitals,
the Health Board System is created to cover a
variety of hospital administrative procedures. The
management of hospital analysis and activity-
based pricing can be increased using hospital
management systems[03,05]. The hospital
management system enables you to grow your
business and enhance productivity and work
quality[02]. The goal of the hospital management
system project is to simplify all management
processes, including patient registration, doctor
appointments, and prescription writing.
The user must go through a few registers.
Time is lost because of this. Therefore, using this
system will make it simple to manage everything
process. Therefore, the development team are
designing this system that can help both patients
and hospital workers using the motivation of this
scenario, which was frequently performed in
hospitals[01,05]. So, the stakeholders would like
to have this system that makes hospitals work
quickly and efficiently.
 II. LITRATURE REVIEW subjective. High expense is required for manual
system management. Difficulty in getting backup
Initially, a collection of results was data and transfer data. Difficulty in inserting IoT
gathered from the databases that were searched technology and robotic intelligent. Manual system
using various keywords. Only studies that used in lack in user friendliness and it not that much
maturity models were examined from the results. reliable with current technological world.
The studies that did not make use of maturity
models were dropped. Operational efficiency and
wait times across various procedures,
departments, and people are two of the biggest
problems current hospital management systems
are facing[4]. The solution includes visual
simulation and gives users the power to examine
current processes and make necessary corrections
to boost service levels and process efficiency. A
final sample of 41 surveys was created because of
this method. 82.93% of them are spread among a
variety of pieces, with doctorate dissertations
making up 7.32% and expert's dissertations
9.76% of the total.[3,7]
A. Existing Systems
Organization's storage on a daily basis.
All of these details are currently kept in the file
system. There will accumulate several files
because of this daily basis. The hospitals manage
and handle every single task by hand. Therefore,
it could require a lot of time and effort to
complete each activity. A lot of labor is required.
At the moment, manual processes are used only
in Zone Hospital to manage daily operations.
Patients will schedule appointments with doctors
and lab tests with the receptionist. Only at
hospitals may patients purchase pharmacy items;
there is no option for patient delivery. Only at
the hospital are the healthcare options offered to
patients. All the patient details, doctor details, lab
test results are manually taken on papers and
feuded on computer latterly. And the reports will
be generated by hands with the help o experts.
B. Existing System Problem
The existing system requires a lot of
time. Absence of security components Every task
needs to be completed by hand. The majority of
tasks and activities depend on specialists and
human resources. No direct communication with
the senior officers. The accuracy level is
 III. METHODOLOGY amounts of data quickly. Allow for simple field
and schema modifications and the STORAGE OF
The hospital management system will UNSTRUCTURED, SEMI-STRUCTURED,
be created in two stages: first, a database will be AND STRUCTURED data. The
created; next, the interface will be customized; database was designed in an efficient manner to
finally, the interface will be programmed, and manage patient information, doctors’ information,
certain codes will be written. Learn from current Lab test information, medical program
systems and adapt from them for a better result. information and drug information. This
After thoroughly researching the current system, information is used by the system user when it is
the development team were able to determine its necessary. This system has ease of usability and
benefits and shortcomings and find ways to making required appointments quickly.
address the latter. The five primary modules of
the solution system were released. These include
managing appointments, managing pharmacies,
managing healthcare programs, and managing
doctors[3]. To find a new system as a solution,
the analysis of the current system is put through
a comparing process. The best software will be
selected after a review of the current software
options[6]. Making a list of tables and
specifying their relationships is the first step in
building a local database[4].
The system was implemented using
MERN technology which use JavaScript stack
that is used by many large organizations in these
days. To implement an end user attractive
interface, development team used several react
packages like material UI , React Bootstrap ,
tailwind CSS and ant designs. Backend is
developed using node is. While implementing
the backend developers focused on security ,
authorization , validation, authentication, and
performance. To achieve those developers, use
several packages like package validator, crypted
etc. All the inserted data are stored and managed
by a non-relational database. Data
administration team have chosen Mongo DB
With a scale- out design, manage massive
amounts of data quickly. Allow for simple field
and schema modifications and the storage of
unstructured, semi structured, and structured
data.
All the inserted data are stored and
managed by a nonrelational database.
Administration team have chosen Mongo DB
With a scale-out design, manage massive
 Figure 1: System Overview
IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM
A. Background of Hospital Management System
All of a hospital's data and operations are
compiled on a single platform by a hospital
management system. The hospital information
system includes all of the hospital's information
processing and storage components. This means
that it encompasses more than just the computer
systems, networks, and computer-based
application systems that are installed on them.
Rather, it refers to the information contained
within the hospital as a whole.
B. Project Objectives
The objective of this project is to
develop hospital management web-based
application with a front- end with react and the
back end with mongo database. This software
will help to be more efficient in handling the
booking doctors, booking lab test slots,
pharmacy services, and getting health programs.
This system consists of an admin handling part,
which means admin can manage users,
pharmacy systems, health program
management, and manage booking of doctor's
appointments and lab tests. of their patients. It
also explains the user interface, different models
that could be used to develop software such as
this.
 Figure 2: HMS High Level Diagram

Hospitals are the essential part of our
lives, providing the best medical facilities to
people suffering from various ailments, which
may be due to changes in climatic conditions,
increased workload, emotional trauma stress etc.
It is necessary for the hospital to keep track of its C. Overall System
day to-day activities & records of its patients,
doctors, nurses, ward boys and other staff
personals that keep the hospital running
smoothly & successfully. But keeping track of all
the activities and their records on paper is very
cumbersome and error prone. It also is very
inefficient and
a time consuming process Observing the
continuous increase in population and number of
people visiting the hospital. Recording and
maintaining all these records is highly unreliable,
inefficient and error prone.
A hospital management system is a
computer system that facilitates in the efficient
execution of the jobs of healthcare practitioners
and helps manage information connected to
health care. They oversee the data for all
healthcare departments, including,
Figure 3: HMS Use case Diagram

User Management
The introduction of HMS was made to
address the challenges involved with handling all
patient paperwork related to each department of
hospitalization while maintaining patient
confidentiality. Using HMS, patients may
schedule appointments with little effort because
all their documentation can be managed in one
location. HMS performs a variety of tasks for
clients. Patients must
Figure 4: User Management Flow chart
register for their system if it authenticated, they
would receive a confirmation main to their
registered E-mail address. After their registration
successfully they have to login to the system with
valid credentials and if not, they would not access
the system. Admin will manage the all- user
details through admin panel, they can view all
registered users and he can generate a report of
all registered users to get the report for their
management concerns.
Figure 5: User Login Interface
 Figure 6: User Register Interface

Doctor Appointment Management give the username, age, address. After entering
This interface is for getting Doctor the requested selected Doctor name, time, and
appointment details from the customers. Initially date a user needs to click the Book Now button.
the user is required to

- 1
Figure 7: Doctor Appointment Management
 Figure 8: Doctor Booking Interface

Figure 9: All Doctor Appointments Table (Admin View)

Figure 10: Single Doctor Appointment Details

 11 -

Figure 11: Edit Doctor Appointment Details

Laboratory Testing Management testing. It is an excellent platform for doctors to

This interface is for getting laboratory
appointment details from the customers. Initially
the user is required to give the username, age,
address. can use it to record, store, and manage
all the data relevant to inventory, samples, and
coordinate a wide array of medical testing for
patients. entering the requested selected testing,
time, and date a user needs to click the Book.

Figure 12: Lab Test Management Flow Chart

Figure 13: Lab Test Management Dashboard

Figure 14: Lab Test Booking Interface

Figure 15: All Lab Tests(Admin View)

 -

Figure 16: Edit Lab Test Details

Figure 17: All Lab Tests (Patient View)

Payment Management
This interface users can pay using PayPal PayPal. In that portal the user will give the card
portals. Initially the user will give all the delivery details to the system.
details after that he will get access to the
payment portal which is
 Figure 18: Make Payment Gateway

Pharmacy Management helps to find the medicine which the user is

In the pharmacy. Initially, the user needs
to login to the system and navigate to the
Pharmacy. Then the user selects the medicine
which they are going to buy. The user medicine
dashboard page carries the search bar, which
looking for. Initially the user will get a glance at
the medicine dashboard, if they could not find out
the user can get the medicine details just by
typing in the search bar.

Figure 19: Pharmacy Management Flow chart

Figure 20: Pharmacy Management Dashboard

Figure 21: Medicine Delivery Interface

Figure 22: All Delivery Details (Admin View)

 Figure 23: Delivery Details interface Interface

Health Program Overview Interface in the search box admin can filter the records.
This is the interface where super admin
can manage (Read, Delete) Health Programs.
From this page admin can be able to see all the
health programs and if it is necessary, he/she can
be able to update and remove the programs by
clicking the corresponding buttons. By giving
the entry

Fig. 24: Available Health Programs(Patient View)

 Figure 25: All Health Programs (Admin View)

V. NON – FUNCTIONAL BENEFITS will continue to develop in the future. Therefore,

the system ought to be more dependable going
The most crucial aspect of creating a forward. The anticipated system ought to be more
system is ensuring user pleasure and the greatest capable of completing the assigned duty
possible user experience. In the management of impeccably and accurately. To give users
health care, that is much more challenging. Users uninterrupted service, the system has to be more
of today don't hesitate all that much to switch to responsive. Additionally, assurance refers to
other platforms to obtain services. Making sure civility, credibility, expertise, and awareness of
services are of high quality benefits patients as the needs of the consumer. In order for customers
well as healthcare professionals. The created to grasp the system, it needs to be more
health care system focuses mostly on five sympathetic. Additionally, users should maintain
primary quantitative studies that are more crucial open lines of communication.
in offering the user superior services. The system
should be tangible first and foremost. Tangible in
the sense that the system should be simpler to
support with the recently added physical
components to the organization. Because the
healthcare sector will continue to develop in the
future. Therefore, the system ought to be more
dependable going forward. The anticipated
system ought to be more capable of completing
the assigned duty impeccably and accurately. To
give users uninterrupted service, the system has
to be more responsive. Additionally, assurance
refers to civility, credibility, expertise, and
awareness of the needs of the consumer. In order
for customers to grasp the system, it needs to be
more sympathetic. Additionally, users should
maintain open lines of communication.
Recently added physical components to
the organization. Because the healthcare sector
 VI. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

This system may yet be able to develop

further in the future. The system seems to like
that the business can archive a lot of data by
supporting IOT devices. For instance, using a
QR code for every booking can help patients
save a lot of time. Tracking medical consultants
digitally. The development of this industry can
be aided even more by proper space
management employing sensors. The inclusion
of a feedback component in the system enables
users to submit suggestions for improvement.
That improves the system even further. There
are just five basic modules in the system as it is
now created, but adding more modules like
supply management, facility management,
billing management, and operating theater
management allows the system to be even
better.

VII. LIMITATION

This approach still has a lot of

restrictions because of how quickly technology
is developing and how big the hospital is
getting. Issues with security are one of those.
Due of the competitive environment, malicious
attacks and unauthorized user attacks may
occur. However, timely security-related
updating aids in resolving that problem. A
huge database is also required. As the number
of consumers grows, the system's ability to
collect and manage data must also improve.
High-end database system is necessary to store
those data. Front-end personnel who are more
effective will work on that system. If they had
the right instruction, they could overcome that.
 VIII. CONCLUSION

The development of a
system for the well-known
hospital Zone is the primary
emphasis of this project. Most
that hospital's daily operations are
now computerized thanks to this
system. Patients, pharmacists, lab
assistants, and HR managers are
the system's primary users. This
hospital's work is organized
utilizing a system that includes
five modules. Those are the
systems for managing doctors.
Systems for managing
reservations, pharmacies, human
resources, and healthcare are also
available. Using these modules,
most of the work is computerized.
Like controlling medical
information. coordinating the
scheduling of lab tests,
monitoring patient information,
and managing the delivery
process and pharmacy
information. Additionally, the
system is designed to produce
accurate results for a variety of
needs, including reporting on lab
tests, patient bookings, pharmacy
information, etc. This system
makes it simpler to sort
information by using the search
feature. The system offers
answers for every fundamental
hospital task. This system
primarily assists in providing an
effective data storage method to
maintain hospital facts. The
system's ability to aid with data
backup for the company is its
most significant feature.
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