Carapetis JR, Beaton A, Cunningham MW, et al. Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart
disease. Nature reviews Disease primers. 2016
ETIOLOGI
Streptococcus beta-haemolyticus Group A
WHO. rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. WHO Publications: Geneva. 2004
PATOFISIOLOGI
Carapetis JR, Beaton A, Cunningham MW, et al. Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. Nature reviews Disease
primers. 2016
Hemolisis RBC
PATOFISIOLOGI
(Beta hemolitik) streptolisin Infeksi SAG
Mempunyai Antigen
HB turun protein M tubuh Titer ASTO ↗
membentuk antibodi anti
streptilisin O
M protein secara
struktural mirip
(Mollecular mimicry)
dengan
Lysoganglioside
Miosin miokardium Laminin (katup Vimentin
Keratin (subtalamik dan nukleus
(tropomiosin) jantung) (sinovial)
kaudatus)
Miokarditis
Chorea
Eritema
Antibodiy cross-
Pembentukan Aschoff marginatum,nod
reactivity
body ul subkutan
Penurunan kontraksi
otot jantung inflamasi
Heart Failure
Valvulitis
poliartritis
MR/MS
Carapetis JR, Beaton A, Cunningham MW, et al. Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. Nature reviews
KRITERIA DIAGNOSIS DEMAM REUMATIK
Gewitz, Michael H. Baltimore, Robert S. revision of the jones criteria for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever in the era of doppler
echocardiography a scientific statement from the american heart association. Available at: http://circ.ahajournals.org
Diagnosis Demam Reumatik
B. Soma Raju and Zoltan G. Turi. Rheumatic Fever. In : Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO,
Braunwald E, etc. Braunwald’s heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine 10th edition. 2014.
Kriteria Mayor Demam Reumatik
Kriteria Mayor :
• Arthritis
• Karditis
• Sydenham chorea
• Erythema marginatum
• Subcutaneous nodules
Gewitz, Michael H. Baltimore, Robert S. revision of the jones criteria for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever in the era of doppler
echocardiography a scientific statement from the american heart association. Available at: http://circ.ahajournals.org
WHO. rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. WHO Publications: Geneva. 2004
Kriteria Mayor Demam Reumatik :
1. ARTHRITIS
Arthritis adalah kriteria yang paling awal dan paling sering muncul pada serangan
DR (75%)
Manifestasi klinis :
o migratory polyartritis atau nyeri sendi berpindah pada sendi besar ( sering pada
tangan dan kaki)
o Nyeri meningkat 12 – 24 jam diikuti reaksi inflamasi
o Aspirasi cairan sinovial terdapat↑ leukosit.
o Tenderness
WHO. rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. WHO Publications: Geneva. 2004
Kriteria Mayor Demam Reumatik:
2. KARDITIS
MANIFESTASI : MANIFESTASI :
WHO. rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. WHO Publications: Geneva. 2004
Karditis
• Endokarditis/Valvulitis
- Terjadi paling sering pada katup mitral dan dapat bersamaan
dengan katup aorta.
- Regurgitasi mitral ditemukan dengan adanya murmur sistolik
yang menjalar ke aksila kadang disertai murmur mid-diastolik
(Bising Carey Coobs)
- Pemeriksaan penunjang
- Ekokardiografi evaluasi kelainan anatomi
- Doppler evaluasi fungsi jantung
• Miokarditis
Gambaran klinis berupa gagal jantung dengan radiografi berupa
kardiomegali
• Perikarditis
- Biasanya pankarditis
- Gambaran klinis terdapat Friction rub dan nyeri dada
Heart Foundation of New Zealand. new zealand guidelines for rheumatic fever: diagnosis, management and secondary prevention of
acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: 2014 update. Available at: www.heartfoundation.org.nz.
Setiati, Siti. Et al. buku ajar ilmu penyakit dalam edisi 6. Interna Publishing: Jakarta. 2015
Kriteria Mayor Demam Reumatik:
3. SYDENHAM CHOREA
• Gangguan neuro-psikiatrik :
o Dimulai dengan emosi yang labil, perubahan kepribadian obsesif-
kompulsif, dan hiperaktif
o Gerakan spontan tidak terkontrol, disertai kelemahan otot dan
bicara cadel, terdapat rotasi eksternal tangan.
Heart Foundation of New Zealand. new zealand guidelines for rheumatic fever: diagnosis, management and secondary prevention of acute
rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: 2014 update. Available at: www.heartfoundation.org.nz.
Setiati, Siti. Et al. buku ajar ilmu penyakit dalam edisi 6. Interna Publishing: Jakarta. 2015
Kriteria Mayor Demam Reumatik:
4. ERYTHEMA MARGINATUM
Carapetis JR, Beaton A, Cunningham MW, et al. Acute rheumatic fever and
rheumatic heart disease. Nature reviews Disease primers. 2016
ERYTHEMA MARGINATUM
Heart Foundation of New Zealand. new zealand guidelines for rheumatic fever: diagnosis, management and secondary prevention of
acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: 2014 update. Available at: www.heartfoundation.org.nz.
Setiati, Siti. Et al. buku ajar ilmu penyakit dalam edisi 6. Interna Publishing: Jakarta. 2015
Erythema marginatum
5. SUBCUTANEOUS NODULES
• Ditemukan pada < 5 % pasien DR
• Gambaran klinis berupa benjolan (penumpukan kolagen) dibawah kulit, keras, tidak
gatal, tidak nyeri, bebas digerakkan dan diameter 0,5 – 2 cm
• Simetris pada permukaan ekstensor sendi (ruas jari, lutut, persendian kaki)
Heart Foundation of New Zealand. new zealand guidelines for rheumatic fever: diagnosis, management and secondary prevention of acute
rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: 2014 update. Available at: www.heartfoundation.org.nz.
Kriateria Minor Demam Rematik
Sedimentation rate >60 mm dan/atau C-reactive protein (CRP) >3.0 mg/dl
Poliartralgia
o Nyeri pada beberapa sendi tanpa tanda radang
Demam
o Saat awal penyakit, kembali normal dalam 2 – 3 minggu
o Tidak khas, umumnya menyertai artritis
o ≥ 38° C
Heart Foundation of New Zealand. new zealand guidelines for rheumatic fever: diagnosis, management and secondary prevention of acute
rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: 2014 update. Available at: www.heartfoundation.org.nz.
Setiati, Siti. Et al. buku ajar ilmu penyakit dalam edisi 6. Interna Publishing: Jakarta. 2015
Bukti Infeksi SGA
WHO. rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. WHO Publications: Geneva. 2004
TATALAKSANA
1. Pencegahan Primer
2. Pencegahan Sekunder
3. Anti-inflamasi
4. Tirah Baring
5. Management Carditis, Chorea
PENCEGAHAN PRIMER
Tujuan : Pencegahan infeksi/eradikasi SGA (pada faringitis streptokokus dan
serangan akut) sehingga tercegah dari DR
WHO. rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. WHO Publications: Geneva. 2004
PENCEGAHAN PRIMER
B. Soma Raju and Zoltan G. Turi. Rheumatic Fever. In : Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO,
Braunwald E, etc. Braunwald’s heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine 10th edition. 2014.
PENCEGAHAN SEKUNDER
Tujuan : Pencegahan menetapnya infeksi SGA pada pasien riwayat DR atau PJR
dan mencegah rekurensi
Bonow, Robert O. et al. braunwald’s heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine 10 th ed. Elsevier: China. 2014
PENCEGAHAN SEKUNDER
WHO. rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. WHO Publications: Geneva. 2004
ANTI
INFLAMASI
Aspirin 100 mg/KgBB dibagi 4-5 dosis (maksimal 6 g/hari) selama 2
minggu, kemudian 60-70 mg/KgBB/hari selama 3 –6 minggu
•WHO. rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. WHO Publications: Geneva. 2004
TIRAH BARING
Bertujuan untuk pemantauan klinis, mulai dari onset carditis, gejala artritis, murmur,
pergerakan tubuh, skin rash, nodul serta intervensi yang dapat diberikan.
Heart Foundation of New Zealand. new zealand guidelines for rheumatic fever: diagnosis, management and secondary prevention of acute
rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: 2014 update. Available at: www.heartfoundation.org.nz.
Manajemen Chorea
WHO. rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. WHO Publications: Geneva. 2004
TERIMAKASIH
Daftar Pustaka
Carapetis JR, Beaton A, Cunningham MW, et al. Acute rheumatic fever and
rheumatic heart disease. Nature reviews Disease primers. 2016
WHO. rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. WHO Publications:
Geneva. 2004
Heart Foundation of New Zealand. new zealand guidelines for rheumatic
fever: diagnosis, management and secondary prevention of acute rheumatic
fever and rheumatic heart disease: 2014 update. Available at:
www.heartfoundation.org.nz.
Gewitz, Michael H. Baltimore, Robert S. revision of the jones criteria for the
diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever in the era of doppler echocardiography a
scientific statement from the american heart association. Available at:
http://circ.ahajournals.org