KANKER

PROSTAT
GnRh Antagonist
MATA KULIAH FARMAKOLOGI 2
KELAS FARMASI D

Dosen Pengampu: Dewi Damayanti Abdul Karim,

M.S.FARM
 ANGGOTA KELOMPOK

02. Pj
01. Pj Presentasi
Ahmad Sutomo Pertanyaan
Arif tri cahyo
(200106121) (200106119)
Ananda ayu Candrika dewi
(200106139) (200106136)
Elen septiana
(200106141)
Regita sofanara
(200106143)

03. Pj PPT 04. Pj Materi

Arema ridha Hakimah Yuliana
(200106140) (200106121)
Iga mawarni Novia ramadhani
(200106144) (200106118)
Anggi febriyani
(200106124)
 PEMBAHASAN
01 Pengertian Kanker Prostat

02 Patofisiologi Kanker Prostat

03 Faktor Resiko

04 Gejala

05 Penatalaksanaan

Terapi Non Farmakologi dan Terapi

Farmakologi
( penggolongan obat, mekanisme kerja obat,
06
farmakokinetik, dosis, interaksi, kontraindikasi,
ESO)
 APA ITU PROSTAT ?

Definisi Kanker

Prostat adalah organ genitalia pria yang Kanker adalah suatu penyakit sel yang
terletak di sebelah inferior buli-buli, di ditandai dengan suatu pergeseran pada
depan rektum dan membungkus uretra mekanisme kontrol yang mengatur
posterior. proliferasi dan diferensiasi sel.
(Sumber : KATZUNG, B. G. (1997). FARMAKOLOGI
DASAR DAN KLINIK (6nd ed.). (A. Agoes, Ed.)
(sumber : Purnomo, B. B. (2003). DASAR-DASAR Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC.)
UROLOGI (2nd ed.). Jakarta: CV. Sagung Seto
Jakarta)
Kanker merupakan neoplasma malignan(pertumbuhan
baru). Kanker memiliki karakteristik proliferasi tidak
terkontrol, invasi lokal, metastatis, dan beberapa
perubahan pada aspek morfologi sel asal/retensi beberapa
karakteristik lainnya.
(Sumber : Battista, E. (2016). Crash Course Farmakologi (1 ed.). (A. Simatupang,
Ed.) London: ELSEVIER.)
Pengertian kanker prostat
Kanker prostat adalah neoplasma ganas yang
muncul dari kelenjar prostat. Kanker prostat
memiliki perjalanan yang lamban; kanker prostat
lokal dapat disembuhkan dengan pembedahan atau
terapi radiasi, tetapi kanker prostat stadium lanjut
belum dapat disembuhkan.

(Sumber : Joseph T. DiPiro, B. G. (2015). Pharmacotherapy

Principles & Practice Handbook (9th ed ed.). United States of
America: McGraw-Hill Education.)
Patofisiologi kanker prostrat

(Sumber : Joseph T. DiPiro, B. G. (2015). Pharmacotherapy Principles & Practice

Handbook (9th ed ed.). United States of America: McGraw-Hill Education.)
 MEROKOK
• USIA
• RAS/ETNIS

OBESITAS
•
FAKTOR
RIWAYAT
KELUARGA
• GENETIK
RESIKO INFLAMASI
PROSTAT
• DIET
• GAYA HIDUP

VASEKTOMI
(Sumber : Lawrenti, H. (2019). Perkembangan Terapi Kanker Prostat.
CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION, IVL, 521-528.)
 Stadium karsinoma prostat dan penanganannya
Stadium Definisi Stadium Penanganan pada umumnya
A Tidak teraba ; ditemukan secara  
histopatologis
A1 Fokal, diferensiasi buruk Observasi, kecuali pada pria
muda
A2 Difus, diferensiasi buruk Prostatektomi radikal
B Teraba, tetapi terbatas pada prostat  
B1 Nodula soliter < satu lobus Prostatektomi radikal
B2 Menyerang satu lobus atau lebih Radiasi megavolt atau
prostatektomi radikal
C Meluas keluar kapsul Radiasi megavolt
D Penyakit telah bermetastatis Terapi hormonal
D1 Kelenjar limfe panggul saja Kadang-kadang kemoterapi
D2 Metastatis lebih luas Kadang-kadang kemoterapi

Sumber : Sylvia A. Price, L. M. (1992). PATOFISIOLOGI konsep klinis proses-proses penyakit (4nd ed.). Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC .
 Gejala kanker prostat

Sulit ereksi

Sering nyeri punggung,

bawah pinggul, atau paha
atas

Terdapat darah dalam urin

Sering buang air kecil,

terutama dimalam hari

(Sumber : Lawrenti, H. (2019). Perkembangan Terapi Kanker Prostat.

CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION, IVL, 521-528.)
 Penatalaksanaan

Pada kanker prostat tujuannya adalah untuk

stadium awal meminimalkan morbiditas dan
mortalitas.

TUJUAN

mempertahankan kualitas
Pada kanker prostat hidup.
stadium lanjut

(Sumber : Joseph T. DiPiro, B. G. (2015). Pharmacotherapy Principles & Practice Handbook (9th ed ed.). United
States of America: McGraw-Hill Education.)
 Terapi non farmakologi
pengamatan
Pengamatan atau menunggu dengan waspada melibatkan
pemantauan perjalanan penyakit dan memulai pengobatan
jika kanker berkembang. PSA dan DRE dilakukan setiap 6
bulan.
Pendekatan saat ini melibatkan penawaran antigen spesifik
prostat (PSA) dasar dan pemeriksaan dubur digital (DRE)
pada usia 50 tahun.
Keuntungan DRE termasuk spesifisitas, biaya rendah,
keamanan, dan kemudahan kinerja.

Pembedahan dan terapi

radiasi
(Sumber : Joseph T. DiPiro, B. G. (2015). Pharmacotherapy Principles & Practice
Handbook (9th ed ed.). United States of America: McGraw-Hill Education.)
 Terapi farmakologi
ANTAGONIS HORMON PENGELOLA GONADOTROPIN

Antagonis gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

degarelix mengikat secara reversibel ke reseptor
GnRH di kelenjar pituitari, mengurangi produksi
testosteron ke tingkat mengebiri dalam 7 hari atau
kurang. Keuntungan utama degarelix dibandingkan
agonis LHRH adalah tidak adanya tumor flare.
Degarelix diberikan sebagai injeksi subkutan setiap
28 hari. Reaksi di tempat suntikan adalah efek
samping yang paling sering dilaporkan dan termasuk
nyeri, eritema, pembengkakan, indurasi, dan nodul.

(Sumber : Joseph T. DiPiro, B. G. (2015). Pharmacotherapy Principles & Practice

Handbook (9th ed ed.). United States of America: McGraw-Hill Education.)
 Bacterial infection infographics
01 02
Mercury Saturn
Mercury is the closest planet Saturn is a gas giant and has
to the Sun and the smallest several rings. It's composed
one in the entire Solar System of hydrogen and helium

03 04
Venus Earth
Venus has a very beautiful Earth is the third planet from
name but is actually terribly the Sun and the only one that
hot, hotter than Mercury harbors life
Bacterial infection infographics
Neptune
01 Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun

Mars
02 Despite being red, Mars
is a cold place

Pluto
03 Pluto is considered a
dwarf planet
 Bacterial infection infographics
Things with
bacteria

Money Phones
Mercury is the closest Jupiter is the biggest
planet to the Sun planet of them all

Door handles
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
 Bacterial infection infographics
Bacteria cell

Organic
90%

Water Dry solids Inorganic

10%

80% 20%
 Bacterial infection infographics
01 02
Jupiter Neptune
Jupiter is a gas giant Neptune is the farthest
and the biggest planet planet from the Sun

03 04
Mercury Mars
Mercury is the closest Despite being red, Mars
planet to the Sun is a cold place

05 06
Venus Pluto
Venus has a beautiful Pluto is considered a
name but it's hot dwarf planet
 Bacterial infection infographics

Parts of the bacteria Chromosome Flagellum

Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and
the smallest one in the entire Solar System Cytoplasm

Cell wall

Endospore
80%
Most of a bacterial cell is water Pilus
 Bacterial infection infographics
Some places where bacteria live

01 02 03

Desktop Books Elevator button

Mercury is the closest Jupiter is a gas giant Venus has a beautiful
planet to the Sun and the biggest planet name but it's hot
 Bacterial infection infographics

Treatment

01 02 03

Antibiotics Supportive care Drainage

Mercury is the closest Jupiter is a gas giant Venus has a beautiful

planet to the Sun and the biggest planet name but it's hot
 Bacterial infection infographics

Penicillin
01 Neptune is the farthest 25%
planet from the Sun

Tetracyclines
02 Despite being red, Mars 75%
is a cold place
Bacterial infection infographics
Mercury is the closest Neisseria
Meningitis planet to the Sun meningitidis

Jupiter is a gas giant Streptococcus

Ear infection and the biggest planet pneumoniae

Venus has a beautiful Haemophilus

Pneumonia name but it's hot influenzae

Skin Neptune is the farthest Staphylococcus

planet from the Sun aureus
infections
 Bacterial infection infographics

Bacterial infections
overview
01 02
Eye infections Blood infections
Jupiter is a gas giant Mercury is the closest
and the biggest planet planet to the Sun

03 04 05
Pneumonia Gastritis Skin infections
Venus has a beautiful Neptune is the farthest Despite being red, Mars
name but it's hot planet from the Sun is a cold planet
 Bacterial infection infographics
● Streptococcus pneumoniae
● Neisseria meningitidis
● Haemophilus influenzae Bacterial meningitis
● Streptococcus agalactiae
● Listeria monocytogenes
● Streptococcus pneumoniae
● Staphylococcus aureus
Pneumonia ● Haemophilus influenzae
● Mycoplasma pneumoniae
● Mycobacterium tuberculosis
● Chlamydia trachomatis
● Neisseria gonorrhoeae
● Treponema pallidum Sexually transmitted diseases
● Ureaplasma urealyticum
● Haemophilus ducreyi
 Bacterial infection infographics

Bacteria Both Virus

Strep throat Bronchitis Common cold
Tuberculosis Ear infection Flu
Whooping cough Sinus infection Sore throat

Antibiotics? Antibiotics? Antibiotics?

Yes Maybe No
 Bacterial infection infographics
Bifidobacteria Escherichia
Jupiter is a gas giant 01 02 Neptune is the farthest
and the biggest planet planet from the Sun

Lactobacillus
06
Bacterial 03
Campylobacter
Mercury is the closest Despite being red, Mars
planet to the Sun infections is a cold place

Enterococcus Clostridium
Venus has a beautiful 05 04 Pluto is considered a
name but it's hot dwarf planet
 Bacterial infection infographics

30% Blood infection 10%

Sepsis Osteomyelitis
Mercury is the closest Despite being red,
planet to the Sun Mars is a cold place

20% 40%
Candida Bacteraemia
Earth is the third Saturn is a gas giant
planet from the Sun with several rings