MODUL PRAKTIKUM

Mata Kuliah LARVALOGI

Disusun oleh:

Wiwiet Teguh Taufani

Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan

Universitas Diponegoro
Semarang
2016

Modul Praktikum Larvalogi_Identifikasi Larva Ikan Page 1

 Grup: ......................................

Tgl: .........................................

MODUL I : Identifikasi Larva

TOPIK : Larva Ikan

Nama: .................................................... NIM: ........................................ Ttd: .....................

Pengantar Teori Praktikum

Larva merupakan masa kritis dalam fase hidup ikan. Pada fase ini

mortalitas sangat tinggi. Tingginya mortalitas larva disebabkan karena tingginya

virulensi (daya serang) penyakit, hama dan terbatasnya ketersediaan pakan yang

cocok bagi larva ikan. Pada fase larva, ikan baru saja melepaskan

ketergantunganya pada makana cadangan (Dirjen Perikanan Kabupaten Jepara,

2010).

Perilaku kerja pada larva ikan harus memiliki jangkauan taksonomi yang

lebih luas. Mengingat keragaman ikan kurang lebih 24.000 dari spesies teleostei

yang berada di lautan hanya 60% dari keanekaragaman morfologi larva dan

keragaman lingkungan perairan yang mereka tempati, yang didasarkan pada

pemahaman kita tentang perilaku larva ikan. Larva dapat menggunakan

kemampuan perilaku mereka untuk menghambat penyebaran, seperti yang

ditunjukan dibagian tes langsung, bukti perekrutan ikan demersal pada skala lokal

meningkat (Southward dan Sinus, 2006).

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 Menurut Nontji (2008), ikan yang baru saja menetas umumnya berbentuk

transparan, belum bisa mencari makan sendiri serta fungsi mulut dan saluran

pencernaan yang belum berkembang dengan sempurna. Pada saat itu, larva ikan

masih terganggu cadangan makanan yang berupa kuning telur. Pada tahap ini

tingkat mortalitas tinggi karena peka tehadap predator dan perubahan lingkunan

seperti suhu, salinitas bahkan ketersediaan makanan di alam. Dengan demikian

pada tahap ini yang menentukan kelangsungan hidup atau spesies maupun

populasi ikan tersebut. Perkembangan larva secara garis besar dibagi menjadi dua

tahap, yaitu prolarva dan post larva. Tahap prolarva ditandai dengan masih adanya

kuning telur, tubuhnya transparan dengan beberapa butir pigmen yang belum

diketahi fungsinya, dada dan sirip ekor sudah ada namun belum sempurna

bentuknya, sirip perut bentuk tonjolan saja, sistem pernafasan dan pencernaan

serta peredaran darah sempurna. Tahap postlarva mulai dari hilangnya kuning

telur sampai terbentuknya orga – organ baru dan penyempurnaan organ – organ

tersebut sehingga masa akhir postlarva secara morfologi sudah menyerupai

induknya.

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 Daur Hidup Ikan

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 Morfologi Larva Ikan

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 Pengukuran Larva Ikan

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Tujuan

1. Mengenali berbagai jenis/ spesies larva ikan melalui berbagai tanda, bentuk

tubuh, warna, ukuran dan sebagainya.

2. Mengetahui habitat masing-masing jenis serta pengaruh ekologi terhadapnya

Kompetensi

Mahasiswa mampu:

1. Menjelaskan morfologis masing-masing jenis.

2. Memahami habitat asalnya serta fungsi ekologisnya.

Prosedur Kerja

a. Bahan

1. Sampel berbagai jenis larva ikan yang bentuknya masih utuh dan

memungkinkan untuk diidentifikasi secara sempurna (jika memungkinkan

variasi berbagai ukuran)

b. Alat

1. Mikroskop

2. Jangka sorong

3. Alat tulis dan buku gambar

4. Buku identifikasi larva ikan

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c. Metoda

 Metoda Sampling

1. Sampling aktif

Metode sampling aktif yaitu pengambilan sampel larva di atas kapal yang

bergerak lambat dengan kecepatan yang konstan, pada jarak dan waktu tertentu,

dimana penarikan dilakukan secara horizontal. Alat yang digunakan dalam

pengambilan sampel larva adalah bongo net dan plankton net.

2. Sampling pasif

Metode sampling pasif yaitu pengambilan sampel larva yang dilakukan secara

manual, dimana penarikan dilakukan oleh manusia pada jarak dan waktu tertentu.

Alat yang digunakan dalam pengambilan sampel larva adalah seine net dan

plankton net.

 Metoda Pengawetan Sampel Larva

1. Setelah hasil tangkapan dari jaring larva didapatkan, kemudian dikeluarkan

dari tabung penampung (bucket) dan dimasukkan dalam botol sampel, dan

segera diawetkan dengan formalin pada konsentrasi 4 %

2. Setelah proses pengawetan botol sample diberi label, dengan keterangan

waktu sampling dan stasiun pengawetan,

 Metoda Identifikasi

1. Mengambil sampel yang telah disediakan

2. Mengidentifikasi setiap jenis yang ada dengan melihat bagian-bagian

perkembangan larva ikan seperti bentuk kepala, ukuran tubuh serta pewarnaan

pada tubuh larva ikan

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3. Mengidentifikasi jenis larva dari sampel yang tersedia

4. Menyiapkan laporan praktikum dan gambar larva ikan yang diamati

berdasarkan referensi yang ada.

Hasil Identifikasi

Tabel 1....................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................

Genus / Pengukuran (mm)

No Pewarnaan Keterangan
Ordo BD BL ED HL PAL PDL SnL

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Tabel 2....................................................................................................................

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No Gambar Genus / Ordo Keterangan

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Pembahasan

a. Analisis

1. Bahaslah jenis-jenis larva ikan berdasarkan bentuk, ukuran serta pewarnaannya.

Bandingkan bentuk dari tiap-tiap genus yang diamati berdasarkan referensi

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Simpulan dan Saran

a.Simpulan

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Nilai Draft:...............................................................................

Nama & Paraf Asisten: ............................................................

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