Asuhan Keperawatan

Lupus Eritematosus
Farizky S. L Pina Warnendah
Mega Sonia Selvya H
Nadya F. S Sherlita P
M. Azis Zihan Ajija I.K

TK 2 C KEPERAWATAN
TABLE OF
CONTENTS

01 DEFINISI 03 MANIFESTA
SI KLINIS

02 ETIOLOGI
04 PATOFISIOL
OGI
TABLE OF
CONTENTS

05 PATHWAY 07 KLASIFIKAS
I

PEMERIKSA
06 KOMPLIKAS
I 08 AN
PENUNJANG
TABLE OF
CONTENTS

ASUHAN
09 PENCEGAHA
N 11 KEPERAWAT
AN KASUS

ASUHAN

10 KEPERAWAT
AN
TEORITIS
12 KESIMPULA
N
 01
DEFINI
SI
Sistematik lupus eritomatosus atau lupus adalah
suatu kondisi yang memiliki ciri peradangan kronis
dari jaringa-jaringan tubuh yang disebabkan oleh
penyakit autoimun.

Penyakit-penyakit autoimun adalah penyakit yang

terjadi jika jaringan tubuh diserang oleh imunnya
sendiri. (Judha,2015)
02
ETIOLOGI
Sampai saat ini mekanisme dan penyebab dari
penyakit autoimin ini belum sepenuhnya diketahui
tetapi diduga melibatkan faktor lingkungan dan
keturunan. Beberapa faktor lingkungan yang dapat
memici timbulnya lupus dapat berupa infeksi,
antibiotic (terutama golongan sulfa dan penisilin),
sinar ultraviolet akan memperparah penderita lupus,
stress yang berlebihan.
 Gejala klinis yang mungkin muncul pada pasein SLE yaitu:
a. Wanita muda dengan keterlibatan dua organ atau lebih.
b. Gejala konstitusional: kelelahan, demam (tanpa bukti infeksi) dan
03
penurunan berat badan MANIFESTASI KLINIS
c. Muskuloskeletal: artritis, artralgia, myositis
d. Kulit: ruam kupu-kupu (butterfly atau malar rash), fotosensitivitas,
lesi membrane mukosa, alopesia, fenomena Raynaud, purpura,
urtikaria, vaskulitis.
e. Ginjal: : psikosis, kejang, sindroma otak organik, mielitis
transversus, gangguan kognitif neurohematuria, proteinuria,
silinderuria, sindroma nefrotik
f. Gastrointestinal: mual, muntah, nyeri abdomen
g. Paru-paru: pleurisy, hipertensi pulmonal,lesi parenkhim paru.
h. Jantung: perikarditis, endokarditis, miokarditis
i. Retikulo-endotel: organomegali (limfadenopati, splenomegali,
hepatomegali)
j. Hematologi: anemia, leukopenia, dan trombositopenia k.
Neuropsikiatripati kranial dan perifer.
 PATOFISIOL
OGI
04
Pada SLE juga terdapat kelainan pada unsur-unsur sistem imun. Dalam
keadaan normal, makrofag yang berupa Antigen Presenting Cell (APC)
akan memperkenalkan antigen kepada sel T. Tetapi pada penderita lupus,
beberapa reseptor yang terdapat pada permukaan sel T mengalami
perubahan baik pada struktur maupun fungsinya sehingga
pengalihaninformasi normal tidak dapat dikenali. Hal ini menyebabkan
reseptor yang telah berubah di permukaan sel T akan salah mengenali
perintah dari sel T. Faktor lingkungan yang dapat memicu terjadinya lupus
antara lain paparan sinar ultraviolet, agen infeksius seperti virus dan
bakteri, serta obat-obatan yang diminum dalam jangka waktu tertentu
diantaranya prokainamid, klorpromazin, isoniazid, fenitoin, dan
penisilamin. Peningkatan hormon dalam tubuh juga dapat memicu
terjadinya SLE. Beberapa studi menemukan korelasi antara peningkatan
risiko lupus dan tingkat estrogen yang tinggi. Jadi, estrogen yang
berlebihan dengan aktivitas hormon androgen yang tidak adekuat pada
laki-laki maupun perempuan mungkin bertanggung jawab terhadap
perubahan respon imun (Alexis et al., 2013; Setiati et al., 2014).
05 PATHWAY
 KLASIFIKASI
Penyakit Lupus dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 3 macam yaitu discoid lupus,
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, dan Lupus yang diindikasi obat :

Lesi berbentuk lingkaran atau cakra dan ditandai oleh batas

eritema yang meninggi, skuama, sumbatan folikuler, dan
Discoid Lupus
telangiectasia. Lesi ini timbul dikulit kepala, telinga, wajah,
lengan, punggung dan dada.

Systemic Lupus Penyakit Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) adalah penyakit

yang ditandai dengan produksi antibodi yang berlebihan
Erythematosus terhadap komponen inti sel, dan menimbulkan berbagai macam
(SLE) manifestasi klinis pada organ.
Lupus yang Lupus disebakan oleh indikasi obat tertentu khususnya pada
diindikasi asetilator lambat yang mempunyai gen Human Leukocyte
obat Antigen D Related (HLA DR-4) menyebabkan asetilasi obat
menjadi lambat, obat banyak terakumulasi ditubuh protein tubuh.
 KOMPLIKASI

Menurut Djoerban (2009) spesialis penyakit dalam dari departemen

hematologi dan onkologi medik FKUI, kelainan darah bisa ditemukan
pada 85% penderita lupus. Bisa terbentuk bekuan darah di dalam vena
maupun arteri, yang menyebabkan emboli paru. Jumlah trombosit
berkurang dan tubuh membentuk antibody yang melawan faktor
pembekuan darah, yang bisa menyebabkan perdarahan yang berarti
dan seringkali terjadi anemia akibat penyakit menahun.
 PEMERIKSAAN PENUNJANG

1) Hemoglobin, leukosit, hitung jenis sel, laju endap darah (LED)

2) Urin rutin dan mikroskopik, protein kuantitatif 24 jam, dan bila diperlukan
kreatinin urin
3) Kimia darah (ureum, kreatinin, fungsi hati, profil lipid)
4) PT, aPTT pada sindroma antifosfolipid
5) Serologi ANA, anti ds-DNA, komplemen (C3,C4)
6) Foto polos thorax
7) Tes imunologik
 02
SECOND
SECTION

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 A PICTURE
ALWAYS
REINFORCE
S THE
CONCEPT
YOU COULD USE THREE COLUMNS, WHY NOT?
MERCUR
Y
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun

VENUS
Venus has a beautiful name,
but it’s terribly hot

MARS
Despite being red, Mars is
actually a cold place
 A PICTURE
IS WORTH A
THOUSAND
WORDS
 DON’T FORGET WHAT’S
IMPORTANT

MARS VENUS
Despite being red, Venus has a
Mars is quite cold beautiful name

JUPITER MERCURY
It’s a gas giant and Mercury is the
the biggest planet smallest planet
 THIS IS A GRAPH!

Mercury is the closest

planet to the Sun

Venus has a beautiful

name, but it’s hot

Despite being red, Mars

To modify this graph, click on it, follow the link, is actually a cold place
change the data and paste the new graph here
 A TIMELINE ALWAYS WORKS
WELL
Venus has a beautiful
name, but it’s hot
01

02
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
 A TIMELINE ALWAYS WORKS
WELL
Saturn is a gas giant and
has several rings
04

03
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
03
THIRD
SECTION

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 OUR TEAM

DR. LISA JORDAN

Despite being red, Mars33
is
actually a really cold place

DR. JOHN SMITH

31
Neptune is the farthest planet
from the Sun
AWESOM
E WORDS
THIS IS ANOTHER
GRAPH

Mercury is the
innermost planet

Venus has a quite

beautiful name

Despite being red,

Mars is very cold
To modify this graph, click on it, follow the link,
change the data and paste the new graph here
 THIS IS A TABLE

MASS DIAMETER SURFACE

(EARTHS) (EARTHS) (EARTHS)
MERCUR
0.07 0.32 0.39
Y

MARS 0.12 0.56 0.39

SATURN 95.4 9.7 1.22

 THIS IS A MAP!

50%
Venus

30%
Saturn

20%
Jupiter
 11,102,006
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest of them all
 WHAT ABOUT THESE PERCENTAGES?

Venus has a Neptune is far Mercury is the

beautiful name away from Earth smallest planet

70 40 85
% % %

2018 2019 2020

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Jupiter Mercury
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