(1)
Agustina Rahayu.,S.Kep.,Ns.,CWCCA
TENTANG LUKA
Luka dapat akut dan kronik
Luka Akut: Pembedahan > 50 % sembuh, sisanya
bermasalah (menjadi luka kronis)
Di AS : Luka bakar 1.25 juta, Ulkus diabetikum 6.5
juta (1997)
Biaya di Amerika: U.Diabetikum $ 150 M /THN,
U.Vena $ 400 M/thn
Implikasi: Frustasi, Sosial ekonomi dan quality of
life (Ulkus kronis disability dan deformity)
Penelitian penyembuhan luka maju pesat :
Acssesibility, singkat
Kalangan kesehatan minat kurang
ANATOMI FISIOLOGI
KULIT
Lapisan-Lapisan Kulit
Gambar
Kulit
2m2
Tebal : 0,5 mm - > 5 mm ; 1 mm – 2 mm
Epidermis : Corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum,
Spinosum, Basale
Dermis : Papiler, Retikuler
Hipodermis
Epidermis
Fungsi : Pelindung
Epithel Skuamosa
P.Darah (-)
Corneum: Bentuk seperti tanduk, Rata/Flat,
Relatif tebal (terdapat sel mati), Soft keratin
(elastis, melindungi sel hidup), mudah abrasi
dan diganti sel baru)
Lucidum: Rata, Sel mengandung protein-
eleidin, hanya ditelapak tangan dan kaki,
Cegah ultraviolet dan Sinar matahari
Cont..
Granulosum: Tebal 2-4 sel, mengandung
granul dan keratohyalin, memicu proses
keratinisasi (sel mati)
Spinosum: Sel berbentuk polihedral (multi
muka), disebut “Prikle cell”, Proses aktif
sintesa protein-pembelahan sel, sel dibentuk
untuk mengganti sel diatasnya.
Basale: 1 lapis sel koluimnar/kuboid, proses
pembelahan sel
Dermis
Terdiri atas jaringan ikat yang menyokong epidermis
dan menghubungkannya dengan jaringan subkutis.
Tebalnya berbeda-beda, paling tebat ditelapak kaki ±
3 mm
Terdiri dari 2 lapis
Lapisan Papilare: tipis dan mengandung jaringan ikat
longgar, terdapat serat kolagen, bentuk seperti jari tangan,
terdapat kapiler dan ujung syaraf Meissner’s
Lapisan Retikulare: tebal dan terdiri dari jaringan ikat
padat, bentuk seperti jala, terdapat serat kolagen, terdapat
pola sulkus/garis Langer’s
Cont...
Dengan bertambahnya usia sintesa kolagen
berkurang keriput
Dermis banyak pembuluh darah, folikel
rambut, kelenjar sebasea dan kelenjar keringat
Subkutis
Merupakan lapisan dibawah dermis yang
terdiri dari lapisan lemak
Jumlah dan ukuran berbeda-beda menurut
daerah tubuh dan keadaan tubuh individu
FISIOLOGI
PENYEMBUHAN LUKA
MOIST WOUND HEALING
George D Winter (1962):
proved that wounds that WHY
were kept moist, healed MOIST???
better than those that
were exposed to the air.
100
80
60
40
20
0 0,3 1 3 10 30 100
Time (Days)
Inflamation Stage
Tanda: kemerahan, panas,
nyeri dan bengkak 24 jam pertama saat terjadi
perlukaan, neurotrophils,
Last approximately 4 to 5 monocytes, and
days macrophages mengontrol
pertumbuhan bakteri dan
membuang jaringan mati
Permulaan terjadinya
(mempersiapkan dasar
proses penyembuhan
luka)
luka: aktifitas platelet
untuk STOP perdarahan
Characteristic res color
dan trigger the immune and warmth is caused by
response the capillary blood system
increasing circulation &
laying foundation for
epithelial growth
Proliferation Stage
Begins within 24 Formulation of new
hours of the initial capillaries that
injury and may generate and feed
continue for up to 21 new tissue
days Granulation tissue is
It is characterized by the beefy red tissue
three events: that bleeds easily
- Epitheliazation
- Granulation
- Collagen synthesis
Proliferation: Epitheliazation
Formulation of an epithelial layer that seals
and protects the wound from bacteria and fluid
loss
Is is essential to have a moist environment to
foster growth of this layer
It is very fragile layer that can be easily
destroyed with aggresive wound irrigation of
cleansing of the involved area
Proliferation: Collagen Systhesis
Creates a support matrix for the new tissue that
provides it with its strength
Oxygen, iron, vitamin C , Zink, Magnesium &
Protein are vital for collagen synthesis
This stage is the actual rebuilding and is
influenced by the overall patient condition of
the wound bed
Maturation
FINAL stage of wound healing
Begins around day 21 and may continue for up
to 2 years
Collagen synthesis continue with eventual
closure of the wound and increase in tensile
strength
Tensile strength reaches only about 80% of pre-
injury strength
Gambar: Tahap Penyembuhan Luka
“ I dressed the
wound, God healed
it” (Ambroise Pare)
THANK’S...
WASSALAMU’ALAYKUM
WRWB...