ANALISIS PARAMETER KUALITAS AIR, PLANKTON DAN

SUBSTRAT DASAR PERAIRAN SUNGAI DUA LAUT SEBAGAI

INDIKATOR BAHAN PENCEMARAN
DI KABUPATEN TANAH BUMBU

LAPORAN PRAKTEK PENCEMARAN ESTUARI DAN LAUT

Abdullah Gajali
2010716210024

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KELAUTAN

FAKULTAS PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
UNIVERSITAS LAMBUNG MANGKURAT
BANJARBARU
2023
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HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

Judul Laporan : Analisis Parameter Kualitas Air, Plankton dan Substrat Dasar
Perairan Sungai Dua Lut Sebagai Indikator Bahan Pencemaran di
Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu

Nama Mahasiswa : Abdullah Gajali

NIM : 2010716210024

Laporan Praktikum telah di periksa dan disetujui oleh:

Dosen pengampu Mata Kuliah

Dosen I Dosen II Dosen III

Baharuddin, S.kel., M.Si Nursalam, S.Kel., M.S Muh Afdal, S.Kel., M.Si
NIP. 197910102008011019 NIP. 197602102009121003 NIP. 199307122022031007

Tanggal disetujui : Desember 2023

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KATA PENGANTAR

Segala puji bagi Allah SWT yang telah memberikan saya kemudahan dalam
menyelesaikan laporan praktikum ini dengan judul Laporan Praktikum “Analisis Parameter
Kualitas Air, Plankton dan Substrat Dasar Perairan Sungai Dua Lut Sebagai Indikator Bahan
Pencemaran di Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu” ini dengan tepat waktu. Tanpa rahmat dan
pertolongan-Nya, saya tidak akan mampu menyelesaikan laporan praktikum ini dengan baik.
Tidak lupa shalawat serta salam tercurahkan kepada Nabi agung Muhammad SAW yang
syafa’atnya kita nantikan kelak.

Saya mengucapkan syukur kepada Allah SWT atas limpahan nikmat sehat-Nya,
sehingga makalah ini dapat diselesaikan. Laporan ini dibuat guna memenuhi tugas mata kuliah
PENCEMARAN ESTUARI DAN LAUT. saya berharap laporan ini dapat menjadi referensi
bagi pembaca.

Saya menyadari makalah ini masih perlu banyak penyempurnaan karena kesalahan
dan kekurangan. Saya terbuka terhadap kritik dan saran pembaca agar laporan ini dapat lebih
baik. Apabila terdapat banyak kesalahan pada makalah ini, baik terkait penulisan maupun
konten, saya memohon maaf. Demikian yang dapat saya sampaikan. Akhir kata, semoga
makalah ini dapat bermanfaat. Wassalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh

Banjarbaru, Desember 2023

Abdullah Gajali
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DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN .................................................................................................. ii

KATA PENGANTAR.............................................................................................................iii
DAFTAR ISI............................................................................................................................ iv
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................................... vi
BAB I ......................................................................................................................................... 1
PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Latar belakang ............................................................................................................... 1
1.2. Maksud dan Tujuan ...................................................................................................... 3
1.3. Ruang Lingkup .............................................................................................................. 3
1.3.1. Ruang Lingkup Lokasi .............................................................................................. 3
1.3.2. Ruang Lingkup Materi .............................................................................................. 3
BAB II ....................................................................................................................................... 4
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ........................................................................................................... 4
2.1. Pengertian Pencemaran ................................................................................................ 4
2.2. Jenis dan Sumber Pencemaran .................................................................................... 5
2.3. Indikator Pencemaran................................................................................................. 11
2.4. Pencemaran d Wilayah Pesisir ................................................................................... 14
2.5. Upaya Penanggulangan Pencemaran di Wilayah Pesisir ........................................ 16
2.6. Kondisi Umum Wilayah Studi .................................................................................... 23
BAB 3 ...................................................................................................................................... 24
METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ........................................................................................... 24
3.1. Waktu dan Lokasi........................................................................................................ 24
3.2. Alat dan Bahan ............................................................................................................ 25
3.2.1. Alat .......................................................................................................................... 25
3.2.2. Bahan ....................................................................................................................... 25
3.3. Metode Perolehan Data ............................................................................................... 25
3.3.1. Penentuan Lokasi Sampling .................................................................................... 25
3.3.2. Pengambilan Sampel ............................................................................................... 27
3.3.3. Metode Analisis Sample di Laboratorium ............................................................... 27
3.4. Metode Analisi Data .................................................................................................... 28
3.4.1. Baku Mutu ............................................................................................................... 28
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3.4.2. Sebaran Spasial........................................................................................................ 29

3.3.3. Analisis Indeks Pencemaran ................................................................................... 29
BAB 4 ...................................................................................................................................... 30
HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN .............................................................................................. 30
4.1. Analisi Faktor Lingkungan Studi............................................................................... 30
4.1.1. Analisis Parameter Fisik .......................................................................................... 30
4.1.2. Analisi Parameter Kimia ......................................................................................... 32
4.1.3. Parameter Biologi .................................................................................................... 46
4.2. Analisis Indeks Pencemaran ....................................................................................... 47
4.2.1. Perbandingan Data Praktikum ................................................................................. 49
4.3. Analisis Pengaruh Pencemaran Terhadap Biota dan Kualitas Perairan ............... 49
4.3.1. Parameter Fisik ........................................................................................................ 49
4.3.2. Parameter Kimia ...................................................................................................... 51
4.4. Upaya Penanggulangan Pencemaran di Wilayah Pesisir ........................................ 61
BAB 5 ...................................................................................................................................... 62
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN .............................................................................................. 62
5.1. Kesimpulan ................................................................................................................... 62
5.2. Saran ............................................................................................................................. 62
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................................. 63
LAMPIRAN............................................................................................................................ 65
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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1. Pengaruh pH terhadap komunitas biologi perairan ................................................................. 11

Tabel 2. Alat Praktikum ........................................................................................................................ 25
Tabel 3. Bahan praktikum ..................................................................................................................... 25
Tabel 4. Nilai Baku Mutu ..................................................................................................................... 28
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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1. Pencemaran Udara ................................................................................................... 4

Gambar 2. Pencemaran Tanah ................................................................................................... 5
Gambar 3. Pencemaran Air ........................................................................................................ 5
Gambar 4. Bagan Pengaruh beberapa jenis bahan pencemar terhadap lingkungan perairan ..... 6
Gambar 5. Jenis kegiatan di daratan atau di lautan yang menjadi kontributor penurunan
kualitas pesisir ......................................................................................................... 6
Gambar 6. Kompleksitas kegiatan pesisir yang rawan konflik kepentingan............................ 16
Gambar 7. In-Situ Burning....................................................................................................... 17
Gambar 8. Oil Skimmer ........................................................................................................... 17
Gambar 9. Bioremediasi .......................................................................................................... 18
Gambar 10. Sorbent ................................................................................................................. 18
Gambar 11. Dispersan Kimiawi ............................................................................................... 19
Gambar 12. Lokasi Praktikum (citra satelit, 2022) .................................................................. 24
Gambar 13. Peta Kerja ............................................................................................................. 26
Gambar 14. Peta Sebaran Suhu ................................................................................................ 31
Gambar 15. Peta Sebaran Salinitas .......................................................................................... 33
Gambar 16. Peta Sebaran DO (dissolved Oxygen) .................................................................. 35
Gambar 17. Peta Sebaran pH (Derajat Keasaman) .................................................................. 37
Gambar 18. Peta Sebaran Nitrat ............................................................................................... 39
Gambar 19. Peta Sebaran Nitrit ............................................................................................... 41
Gambar 20. Peta Sebaran BOD................................................................................................ 42
Gambar 21. Peta Sebaran Fosfat .............................................................................................. 43
Gambar 22. Peta Sebaran Fe (logam berat) ............................................................................. 45
Gambar 23. Grafik sebaran Fitoplankton ................................................................................. 46
Gambar 24. Grafik pesebaran zooplankton.............................................................................. 47
Gambar 25. Peta Sebaran Indek Pencemaran (BMA) .............................................................. 48
Gambar 26. Peta Sebaran Baku Mutu Suhu ............................................................................. 50
Gambar 27. Peta Sebaran BMA Salinitas ................................................................................ 52
Gambar 28. Peta Sebaran BMA DO ........................................................................................ 54
Gambar 29. Peta Sebaran BMA pH ......................................................................................... 56
Gambar 30. Peta Sebaran BMA Nitrat ..................................................................................... 57
Gambar 31. Peta Sebaran BMA Nitrit ..................................................................................... 58
Gambar 32. Peta sebaran BMA Fosfat..................................................................................... 59
Gambar 33. Peta Sebaran BMA BOD5 .................................................................................... 60
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